Blombach Bastian, Eikmanns Bernhard J
Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
Bioeng Bugs. 2011 Nov-Dec;2(6):346-50. doi: 10.4161/bbug.2.6.17845. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
Due to steadily rising crude oil prices great efforts have been made to develop designer bugs for the fermentative production of higher alcohols, such as 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-Methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol), which all possess quality characteristics comparable to traditional oil based fuels. The common metabolic engineering approach uses the last two steps of the Ehrlich pathway, catalyzed by 2-ketoacid decarboxylase and an alcohol dehydrogenase converting the branched chain 2-ketoacids of L-isoleucine, L-leucine, and L-valine into the respective alcohols. This strategy was successfully used to engineer well suited and industrially employed bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of higher alcohols. Among these alcohols, isobutanol is currently the most promising one regarding final titer and yield. This article summarizes the current knowledge and achievements on isobutanol production with E. coli, B. subtilis and C. glutamicum regarding the metabolic engineering approaches and process conditions.
由于原油价格持续上涨，人们付出了巨大努力来开发用于发酵生产高级醇的设计菌株，例如2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇和2-甲基-1-丙醇（异丁醇），这些高级醇都具有与传统石油基燃料相当的质量特性。常见的代谢工程方法利用埃利希途径的最后两步，由2-酮酸脱羧酶和醇脱氢酶催化，将L-异亮氨酸、L-亮氨酸和L-缬氨酸的支链2-酮酸转化为相应的醇。该策略已成功用于改造适合工业应用的细菌，如大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和谷氨酸棒杆菌，以生产高级醇。在这些醇中，就最终滴度和产量而言，异丁醇目前是最有前景的一种。本文总结了目前关于利用大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和谷氨酸棒杆菌生产异丁醇在代谢工程方法和工艺条件方面的知识和成果。
