Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens Greece.
Int J Cardiol. 2013 Jun 20;166(2):340-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.081. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
Smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Supplementation of Ω-3 PUFAs is associated with better prognosis. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation on smoking-induced impairment of arterial function.
We studied the effect of a 12 weeks oral treatment with 2gr/day of Ω-3 PUFAs in 20 healthy smokers on three occasions (day 0:baseline, day 28 and day 84). The study was carried out on two separate arms (Ω-3 fatty acids and placebo), according to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over design. Measurements were carried out before (pSm), immediately and 20min after cigarette smoking. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness and augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of arterial wave reflections. Circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured.
Compared with placebo, Ω-3 PUFAs treatment resulted in a significant improvement in pSm values of FMD (p<0.05), AIx (p<0.001) and PWV (p<0.01). Although, acute cigarette smoking decreased FMD and caused an increase in AIx and PWV, Ω-3 PUFAs treatment blunted the acute smoking-induced impairment of FMD (p<0.001), AIx (p<0.05) and PWV (p<0.05) and significantly decreased levels of TNFα (p<0.05) and IL-6 (p=0.01) and increased levels of PAI-1 (p=0.05).
Ω-3 PUFAs improved endothelial function and the elastic properties of the arterial tree in healthy smokers, with a parallel anti-inflammatory effect.
吸烟与内皮功能障碍和动脉僵硬有关。ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）的补充与更好的预后相关。本研究旨在评估 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸补充对吸烟引起的动脉功能障碍的影响。
我们研究了 20 名健康吸烟者在 12 周内每天口服 2 克 ω-3 PUFAs 的效果，共进行了三次测量（第 0 天：基线，第 28 天和第 84 天）。该研究采用随机、安慰剂对照、双盲、交叉设计，分为两个独立的手臂（ω-3 脂肪酸和安慰剂）进行。测量在吸烟前（pSm）、吸烟后即刻和 20 分钟后进行。肱动脉血流介导的扩张（FMD）用于评估内皮功能。颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度（PWV）作为主动脉僵硬的指标，增强指数（AIx）作为动脉反射的指标进行测量。测量循环肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）的水平。
与安慰剂相比，ω-3 PUFAs 治疗可显著改善 FMD 的 pSm 值（p<0.05）、AIx（p<0.001）和 PWV（p<0.01）。尽管急性吸烟可降低 FMD，并导致 AIx 和 PWV 增加，但 ω-3 PUFAs 治疗可减轻急性吸烟引起的 FMD 损伤（p<0.001）、AIx（p<0.05）和 PWV（p<0.05），并显著降低 TNF-α水平（p<0.05）和 IL-6（p=0.01），增加 PAI-1 水平（p=0.05）。
ω-3 PUFAs 可改善健康吸烟者的内皮功能和动脉树的弹性特性，并具有抗炎作用。
