Favier Anne-Laure, Flusin Olivier, Lepreux Sébastien, Fleury Hervé, Labrèze Christine, Georges Aurélie, Crance Jean-Marc, Boralevi Franck
Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, IRBA, Antenne de la Tronche-CRSSA, Grenoble, Bordeaux, France.
Case Rep Dermatol. 2011 Sep;3(3):186-94. doi: 10.1159/000331426. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
The case presented here points towards the fact that skin lesion observed with a cowpox virus is a rare event but should be considered more as the number of cases has increased in the last years. Cowpox virus (CPXV) belongs to the Poxviridae family. The transmission of CPXV to humans is caused by wild rodents or mostly by domestic animals and pet rats. In humans, CPXV is responsible for localized skin lesions regularly accompanied by lymphadenopathy. The lesions remain localized but self-inoculation from the primary lesions could occur. Then physicians have to be vigilant concerning bandages. In this case report, a necrotic and ulcerated lesion of a CPXV infection in a young boy is reported. The CPXV was possibly transmitted by wild rodents. The importance of performing the diagnosis is also pointed out. Virus information was obtained from phylogenetic analyses showing that the CPXV isolate was distinct from outbreaks of human cowpox which occurred in 2009 in France and Germany but was close to the CPXV Brighton Red strain. For several years, cases of viral zoonosis caused by CPXV have increased and physicians should be made aware that people could be infected without history of direct contact with animals.
此处呈现的病例表明，牛痘病毒引起的皮肤病变虽属罕见，但鉴于近年来病例数有所增加，应予以更多关注。牛痘病毒（CPXV）属于痘病毒科。CPXV传播给人类是由野生啮齿动物引起的，多数情况下是由家畜和宠物鼠导致的。在人类中，CPXV会引发局部皮肤病变，并常伴有淋巴结病。病变会局限在局部，但可能会从原发性病变处发生自体接种。因此，医生在处理绷带时必须保持警惕。在本病例报告中，报道了一名小男孩感染CPXV后的坏死性溃疡病变。CPXV可能是由野生啮齿动物传播的。文中还指出了进行诊断的重要性。通过系统发育分析获得的病毒信息显示，该CPXV分离株与2009年在法国和德国发生的人类牛痘疫情不同，但与CPXV布莱顿红毒株相近。数年来，由CPXV引起的病毒性人畜共患病病例有所增加，医生应意识到人们在无直接接触动物史的情况下也可能被感染。
