Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2011;2:97-123. doi: 10.1146/annurev.food.102308.124147.
The modern food system feeds six billion people with remarkable diversity, safety, and nutrition. Yet, the current rise in diet-related diseases is compromising health and devaluing many aspects of modern agriculture. Steps to increase the nutritional quality of individual foods will assist in personalizing health and in guiding individuals to achieve superior health. Nutrigenomics is the scientific field of the genetic basis for varying susceptibilities to disease and the diverse responses to foods. Although some of these genetic determinants will be simple and amenable to personal genotyping as the means to predict health, in practice most will not. As a result, genotyping will not be the secret to personalizing diet and health. Human assessment technologies from imaging to proteomics and metabolomics are providing tools to both understand and accurately assess the nutritional phenotype of individuals. The business models are also emerging to bring these assessment capabilities to industrial practice, in which consumers will know more about their personal health and seek personal solutions.
现代食品系统以显著的多样性、安全性和营养性养活了 60 亿人。然而，目前与饮食相关的疾病发病率不断上升，正在损害健康，并降低现代农业的许多方面的价值。提高个别食品营养质量的措施将有助于个性化健康，并指导个人实现更优的健康。营养基因组学是研究个体对疾病的易感性差异和对食物的不同反应的遗传基础的科学领域。尽管其中一些遗传决定因素很简单，可以通过个人基因分型作为预测健康的手段，但实际上大多数遗传决定因素都不简单。因此，基因分型并不是实现饮食和健康个性化的秘诀。从成像到蛋白质组学和代谢组学的人类评估技术为了解和准确评估个体的营养表型提供了工具。商业模式也在涌现，将这些评估能力应用于工业实践，消费者将更多地了解自己的个人健康状况，并寻求个人解决方案。
