Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027562. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
BACKGROUND: This paper proposes an approach to estimating the costs of demand creation for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) scale-up in 13 countries of eastern and southern Africa. It addresses two key questions: (1) what are the elements of a standardized package for demand creation? And (2) what challenges exist and must be taken into account in estimating the costs of demand creation? METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a key informant study on VMMC demand creation using purposive sampling to recruit seven people who provide technical assistance to government programs and manage budgets for VMMC demand creation. Key informants provided their views on the important elements of VMMC demand creation and the most effective funding allocations across different types of communication approaches (e.g., mass media, small media, outreach/mobilization). The key finding was the wide range of views, suggesting that a standard package of core demand creation elements would not be universally applicable. This underscored the importance of tailoring demand creation strategies and estimates to specific country contexts before estimating costs. The key informant interviews, supplemented by the researchers' field experience, identified these issues to be addressed in future costing exercises: variations in the cost of VMMC demand creation activities by country and program, decisions about the quality and comprehensiveness of programming, and lack of data on critical elements needed to "trigger the decision" among eligible men. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study's findings, we propose a seven-step methodological approach to estimate the cost of VMMC scale-up in a priority country, based on our key assumptions. However, further work is needed to better understand core components of a demand creation package and how to cost them. Notwithstanding the methodological challenges, estimating the cost of demand creation remains an essential element in deriving estimates of the total costs for VMMC scale-up in eastern and southern Africa.
背景：本文提出了一种方法，用于估算在东非和南非的 13 个国家中扩大自愿男性包皮环切（VMMC）需求所产生的成本。它解决了两个关键问题：（1）需求创造的标准化方案包括哪些要素？（2）在估算需求创造成本时存在哪些挑战，必须加以考虑？
方法和发现：我们采用目的性抽样方法，对 VMMC 需求创造进行了关键知情人研究，以招募七名向政府项目提供技术援助并管理 VMMC 需求创造预算的人员。关键知情人就 VMMC 需求创造的重要要素以及不同类型的沟通方法（如大众媒体、小型媒体、外展/动员）之间最有效的资金分配发表了看法。主要发现是观点的广泛差异，这表明标准化的核心需求创造要素包不会普遍适用。这凸显了在估算成本之前，根据具体的国家背景调整需求创造战略和估算的重要性。关键知情人访谈，辅以研究人员的实地经验，确定了在未来的成本核算工作中需要解决的这些问题：不同国家和项目中 VMMC 需求创造活动成本的差异、关于方案质量和全面性的决策，以及缺乏关于关键要素的数据，这些要素对于有资格的男性“做出决定”是必要的。
结论：基于这项研究的结果，我们提出了一种七步方法，用于根据我们的主要假设估算优先国家 VMMC 扩大规模的成本。然而，需要进一步的工作来更好地理解需求创造方案的核心组成部分以及如何为其定价。尽管存在方法上的挑战，但估算需求创造成本仍然是得出东非和南非 VMMC 扩大规模总成本估算的重要组成部分。
PLoS One. 2016-10-26
PLoS One. 2016-10-26
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016-8-15
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016-6-1
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2014-10-8
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2007
J Health Commun. 2006
Zotero 插件