Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Cogn Psychol. 2012 May;64(3):127-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2011.11.001. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
We investigated the time course of associative recognition using the response signal procedure, whereby a stimulus is presented and followed after a variable lag by a signal indicating that an immediate response is required. More specifically, we examined the effects of associative fan (the number of associations that an item has with other items in memory) on speed-accuracy tradeoff functions obtained in a previous response signal experiment involving briefly studied materials and in a new experiment involving well-learned materials. High fan lowered asymptotic accuracy or the rate of rise in accuracy across lags, or both. We developed an Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) model for the response signal procedure to explain these effects. The model assumes that high fan results in weak associative activation that slows memory retrieval, thereby decreasing the probability that retrieval finishes in time and producing a speed-accuracy tradeoff function. The ACT-R model provided an excellent account of the data, yielding quantitative fits that were as good as those of the best descriptive model for response signal data.
我们使用反应信号程序研究了联想识别的时间进程，其中呈现一个刺激，然后在一个可变的延迟后出现一个信号，表示需要立即做出反应。更具体地说，我们研究了联想风扇（一个项目与记忆中其他项目的关联数量）对速度-准确性权衡函数的影响，这些函数是在之前涉及短暂学习材料的反应信号实验和新的涉及熟练学习材料的实验中获得的。高风扇降低了渐近准确性或准确性在延迟中的上升速度，或者两者都降低了。我们为反应信号程序开发了一个自适应思维控制-理性（ACT-R）模型来解释这些影响。该模型假设，高风扇导致弱联想激活，从而减缓记忆检索，从而降低检索及时完成的概率，并产生速度-准确性权衡函数。ACT-R 模型对数据提供了极好的解释，产生的定量拟合与反应信号数据的最佳描述模型一样好。
