Tobacco Research and Intervention Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 4115 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33617, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Jun;221(4):659-66. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2610-z. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Smokers show heightened activation toward smoking-related stimuli and experience increased cravings which can precipitate smoking cessation relapse. Exercise can be effective for modulating cigarette cravings and attenuating reactivity to smoking cues, but the mechanism by which these effects occur remains uncertain.
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of exercise on regional brain activation in response to smoking-related images during temporary nicotine abstinence.
In a randomised crossover design, overnight abstinent smokers (n = 20) underwent an exercise (10-min moderate-intensity stationary cycling) and passive control (seating for the same duration) treatment, following 15 h of nicotine abstinence. After each treatment, participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scanning while viewing a random series of blocked smoking or neutral images. Self-reported cravings were assessed at baseline, mid-, and post-treatments.
There was a significant interaction effect (treatment × time) for desire to smoke, F (2,32) = 12.5, p < 0.001, with significantly lower scores following the exercise at all time points compared with the control treatment. After both exercise and rest, significant areas of activation were found in areas of the limbic lobe and in areas associated with visual attention in response to smoking-related stimuli. Smokers showed increased activation to smoking images in areas associated with primary and secondary visual processing following rest, but not following a session of exercise.
The study shows differing activation towards smoking images following exercise compared to a control treatment and may point to a neuro-cognitive process following exercise that mediates effects on cigarette cravings.
吸烟者对与吸烟相关的刺激表现出更高的激活，并且体验到更多的渴望，这可能会导致戒烟复发。运动可以有效地调节对香烟的渴望，并减轻对吸烟线索的反应性，但这些效果发生的机制仍不确定。
本研究的目的是评估在暂时戒断尼古丁期间，运动对与吸烟相关的图像引起的大脑区域激活的影响。
在一项随机交叉设计中，经过一夜的尼古丁戒断后，20 名有吸烟习惯的吸烟者（n=20）接受了运动（10 分钟中等强度的固定自行车运动）和被动控制（相同时间的坐姿）治疗。在每次治疗后，参与者在观看一系列随机的吸烟或中性图像时进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI）脑扫描。在基线、中期和治疗后评估自我报告的渴望程度。
渴望吸烟的欲望存在显著的治疗×时间交互作用（F(2,32)=12.5，p<0.001），与对照治疗相比，运动后所有时间点的评分均显著降低。在运动和休息后，在与边缘叶相关的区域和与视觉注意力相关的区域中都发现了显著的激活区域。与休息后相比，吸烟者在与初级和次级视觉处理相关的区域中对吸烟图像的激活增加，但在运动后没有。
与对照治疗相比，运动后对吸烟图像的激活存在差异，这可能表明运动后存在一种调节香烟渴望的神经认知过程。
