Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012 Jan;8(1):7-16. doi: 10.4161/hv.8.1.18672. Epub 2012 Jan 1.
Avian influenza viruses are the precursors of human influenza A viruses. They may be transmitted directly from avian reservoirs, or infect other mammalian species before subsequent transmission to their human host. So far, avian influenza viruses have caused sporadic-yet increasingly more frequently recognized-cases of infection in humans. They have to adapt to and circulate efficiently in human populations, before they may trigger a worldwide human influenza outbreak or pandemic. Cross-species transmission of avian influenza viruses from their reservoir hosts-wild waterbirds-to terrestrial poultry and to humans is based on different modes of transmission and results in distinctive pathogenetic manifestations, which are reviewed in this paper.
禽流感病毒是人流感病毒的前体。它们可能直接从禽类宿主传播，也可能在随后传播给人类宿主之前感染其他哺乳动物物种。到目前为止，禽流感病毒已导致人类感染的零星病例——但越来越频繁地被认识到。它们必须在人类中有效地适应和传播，然后才可能引发全球人类流感大流行。禽流感病毒从其宿主——野生水鸟——向陆地家禽和人类的跨物种传播基于不同的传播方式，并导致不同的发病表现，本文对此进行了综述。
