Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e30582. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030582. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
Little is known about the relation of different dietary protein types with blood pressure (BP). We examined whether intake of total, plant, animal, dairy, meat, and grain protein was related to BP in a cross sectional cohort of 20,820 Dutch adults, aged 20-65 y and not using antihypertensive medication.
Mean BP levels were calculated in quintiles of energy-adjusted protein with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, education, smoking, and intake of energy, alcohol, and other nutrients including protein from other sources. In addition, mean BP difference after substitution of 3 en% carbohydrates or MUFA with protein was calculated.
Total protein and animal protein were not associated with BP (p(trend) = 0.62 and 0.71 respectively), both at the expense of carbohydrates and MUFA. Systolic BP was 1.8 mmHg lower (p(trend)<0.01) in the highest (>36 g/d) than in the lowest (<27 g/d) quintile of plant protein. This inverse association was present both at the expense of carbohydrates and MUFA and more pronounced in individuals with untreated hypertension (-3.6 mmHg) than in those with normal (+0.1 mmHg) or prehypertensive BP (-0.3 mmHg; p(interaction)<0.01). Meat and grain protein were not related to BP. Dairy protein was directly associated with systolic BP (+1.6 mmHg, p(trend)<0.01), but not with diastolic BP (p(trend) = 0.24).
Total protein and animal protein were not associated with BP in this general untreated Dutch population. Plant protein may be beneficial to BP, especially in people with elevated BP. However, because high intake of plant protein may be a marker of a healthy diet and lifestyle in general, confirmation from randomized controlled trials is warranted.
人们对于不同类型的膳食蛋白质与血压（BP）之间的关系知之甚少。我们在一个 20820 名年龄在 20-65 岁、未服用抗高血压药物的荷兰成年人的横断面队列中，研究了总蛋白、植物蛋白、动物蛋白、奶制品蛋白、肉类蛋白和谷物蛋白的摄入量与 BP 之间的关系。
根据能量调整后的蛋白质摄入量，将参与者分为五组，计算平均 BP 水平，并进行年龄、性别、BMI、教育程度、吸烟状况以及能量、酒精和其他营养素（包括其他来源的蛋白质）摄入的调整。此外，还计算了用蛋白质替代 3%碳水化合物或 MUFA 后平均 BP 差值。
总蛋白和动物蛋白与 BP 无相关性（趋势检验 p 值分别为 0.62 和 0.71），这两种蛋白均与碳水化合物和 MUFA 呈负相关。植物蛋白摄入量最高（>36 g/d）组的收缩压比最低（<27 g/d）组低 1.8mmHg（趋势检验 p<0.01）。这种负相关既存在于碳水化合物和 MUFA 的替代物中，在未治疗的高血压患者中更为明显（-3.6mmHg），而在血压正常（+0.1mmHg）或高血压前期患者中则不明显（-0.3mmHg；交互作用检验 p<0.01）。肉类蛋白和谷物蛋白与 BP 无相关性。奶制品蛋白与收缩压呈正相关（+1.6mmHg，趋势检验 p<0.01），但与舒张压无关（趋势检验 p=0.24）。
在这个一般未治疗的荷兰人群中，总蛋白和动物蛋白与 BP 无相关性。植物蛋白可能对 BP 有益，尤其是对血压升高的人群。然而，由于高植物蛋白摄入量可能是整体健康饮食和生活方式的一个标志，因此需要进行随机对照试验来证实。
