Ishak Waguih William, Ugochukwu Chio, Bagot Kara, Khalili David, Zaky Christine
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Innov Clin Neurosci. 2012 Jan;9(1):25-34.
The market and degree of consumption of energy drinks have exponentially expanded while studies that assess their psychological effects and impact on quality of life remain in the early stages, albeit on the rise. This review aims to examine the literature for evidence of the psychological effects of energy drinks and their impact on the sense of well-being and quality of life.
Studies were identified through Pubmed, Medline, and PsycINFO searches from the dates of 1990 to 2011, published in English, using the keywords energy or tonic drinks, psychological effects, caffeine and cognitive functions, mood, sleep, quality of life, well-being, and mental illness. Three authors agreed independently on including 41 studies that met specific selection criteria.
The literature reveals that people most commonly consume energy drinks to promote wakefulness, to increase energy, and to enhance the experience of alcohol intoxication. A number of studies reveal that individuals who consume energy drinks with alcohol were more inclined to be involved in risk-taking behaviors. There was also excessive daytime sleepiness the day following energy drink consumption. Contrary to expectations, the impact of energy drinks on quality of life and well-being was equivocal.
Energy drinks have mixed psychological and well-being effects. There is a need to investigate the different contexts in which energy drinks are consumed and the impact on mental health, especially in the psychiatrically ill.
能量饮料的市场规模和消费程度呈指数级增长，而评估其心理效应及对生活质量影响的研究仍处于早期阶段，不过这类研究数量在不断增加。本综述旨在检索文献，寻找能量饮料心理效应的证据及其对幸福感和生活质量的影响。
通过在Pubmed、Medline和PsycINFO数据库中检索1990年至2011年期间发表的英文研究，使用关键词“能量或滋补饮料”“心理效应”“咖啡因与认知功能”“情绪”“睡眠”“生活质量”“幸福感”和“精神疾病”。三位作者独立达成共识，纳入41项符合特定选择标准的研究。
文献表明，人们饮用能量饮料最常见的目的是促进清醒、增加能量以及增强酒精中毒体验。多项研究显示，饮用含酒精能量饮料的个体更倾向于参与冒险行为。饮用能量饮料后的第二天还会出现日间过度嗜睡。与预期相反，能量饮料对生活质量和幸福感的影响并不明确。
能量饮料对心理和幸福感的影响好坏参半。有必要研究饮用能量饮料的不同情境及其对心理健康的影响，尤其是对患有精神疾病的人群。
