Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jun;120(6):885-92. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104350. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
The market of nanotechnology-based consumer products is rapidly expanding, and the lack of scientific evidence describing the accompanying exposure and health risks stalls the discussion regarding its guidance and regulation.
We investigated the potential for human contact and inhalation exposure to nanomaterials when using nanotechnology-based cosmetic powders and compare them with analogous products not marketed as nanotechnology based.
We characterized the products using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser diffraction spectroscopy and found nanoparticles in five of six tested products. TEM photomicrographs showed highly agglomerated states of nanoparticles in the products. We realistically simulated the use of cosmetic powders by applying them to the face of a human mannequin head while simultaneously sampling the released airborne particles through the ports installed in the mannequin's nostrils.
We found that a user would be exposed to nanomaterial predominantly through nanoparticle-containing agglomerates larger than the 1-100-nm aerosol fraction.
Predominant deposition of nanomaterial(s) will occur in the tracheobronchial and head airways--not in the alveolar region as would be expected based on the size of primary nanoparticles. This could potentially lead to different health effects than expected based on the current understanding of nanoparticle behavior and toxicology studies for the alveolar region.
基于纳米技术的消费产品市场正在迅速扩张，由于缺乏描述相关暴露和健康风险的科学证据，关于其指导和监管的讨论陷入了僵局。
当使用基于纳米技术的美容粉时，我们研究了人类接触和吸入纳米材料的可能性，并将其与未以纳米技术为卖点的类似产品进行了比较。
我们使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和激光衍射光谱对产品进行了表征，在六个测试产品中有五个产品中发现了纳米颗粒。TEM 照片显示产品中的纳米颗粒处于高度团聚状态。我们通过将美容粉应用于人体模型头部的面部，并同时通过安装在模型鼻孔中的端口对释放的空气传播颗粒进行采样，逼真地模拟了美容粉的使用。
我们发现，使用者主要会通过大于 1-100nm 气溶胶部分的含有纳米颗粒的团聚体暴露于纳米材料。
纳米材料（s）的主要沉积将发生在气管支气管和头部气道中，而不是肺泡区域，这与基于当前对纳米颗粒行为的理解和肺泡区域的毒理学研究预期的情况不同。这可能会导致与预期不同的健康影响。
