Mechanosynthesis Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Adv Mater. 2012 Apr 3;24(13):1628-74. doi: 10.1002/adma.201103796. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
Widespread approaches to fabricate surfaces with robust micro- and nanostructured topographies have been stimulated by opportunities to enhance interface performance by combining physical and chemical effects. In particular, arrays of asymmetric surface features, such as arrays of grooves, inclined pillars, and helical protrusions, have been shown to impart unique anisotropy in properties including wetting, adhesion, thermal and/or electrical conductivity, optical activity, and capability to direct cell growth. These properties are of wide interest for applications including energy conversion, microelectronics, chemical and biological sensing, and bioengineering. However, fabrication of asymmetric surface features often pushes the limits of traditional etching and deposition techniques, making it challenging to produce the desired surfaces in a scalable and cost-effective manner. We review and classify approaches to fabricate arrays of asymmetric 2D and 3D surface features, in polymers, metals, and ceramics. Analytical and empirical relationships among geometries, materials, and surface properties are discussed, especially in the context of the applications mentioned above. Further, opportunities for new fabrication methods that combine lithography with principles of self-assembly are identified, aiming to establish design principles for fabrication of arbitrary 3D surface textures over large areas.
通过结合物理和化学效应来提高界面性能的机会，激发了广泛的方法来制造具有稳健的微纳结构化表面的方法。特别是，已经证明具有不对称表面特征的阵列，例如沟槽、倾斜柱和螺旋形突出物的阵列，在包括润湿性、附着力、热和/或电导率、光学活性以及引导细胞生长的能力在内的特性方面赋予了独特的各向异性。这些特性对于包括能量转换、微电子学、化学和生物传感以及生物工程在内的应用具有广泛的兴趣。然而，制造不对称表面特征通常会推动传统的刻蚀和沉积技术的极限，使得以可扩展和具有成本效益的方式生产所需的表面具有挑战性。我们综述并分类了在聚合物、金属和陶瓷中制造二维和三维不对称表面特征阵列的方法。讨论了几何形状、材料和表面特性之间的分析和经验关系，特别是在上述应用的背景下。此外，还确定了将光刻与自组装原理相结合的新制造方法的机会，旨在建立在大面积上制造任意 3D 表面纹理的设计原则。
