Department of Endocrinology, Sino-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Nutr J. 2012 Apr 3;11:20. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-20.
Studies have shown that pistachios can improve blood lipid profiles in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia which could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is also a widely perceived view that eating nuts can lead to body weight gain due to their high fat content.
To investigate the impact of different dosages of pistachios on body weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose and insulin in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
Ninety subjects with metabolic syndrome (consistent with 2005 International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome standard without diabetes) were enrolled in three endocrinology outpatient clinics in Beijing. All subjects received dietary counseling according to the guidelines of the American Heart Association Step I diet. After a 4 week run-in, subjects were randomized to consume either the recommended daily serving of 42 g pistachios (RSG), a higher daily serving of 70 g pistachio (HSG) or no pistachios (DCG) for 12 weeks.
Subjects in all three groups were matched at baseline for BMI: DCG 28.03 ± 4.3; RSG 28.12 ± 3.22; and HSG 28.01 ± 4.51 kg/m2. There were no significant changes in body weight or BMI in any groups during the study nor any change from baseline at any time point in any group. During the entire study, there were no significant differences in waist-to-hip ratio among the groups or any change from baseline in any group (DCG -0.00 ± 0.03, RSG -0.01 ± 0.02 and HSG 0.01 ± 0.04). There were no significant differences detected among groups in triglycerides, fasting glucose and 2 hour postprandial glucose following a 75 gram glucose challenge. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that glucose values 2 h after a 75 gm glucose challenge were significantly lower at week 12 compared with baseline values in the HSG group (-1.13 ± 2.58 mmol/L, p = 0.02), and a similar trend was noted in the RSG group (-0.77 ± 2.07 mmol/L, p = 0.06), while no significant change was seen in the DCG group (-0.15 ± 2.27 mmol/L, p = 0.530). At the end of study, serum triglyceride levels were significantly lower compared with baseline in the RSG group (-0.38 ± 0.79 mmol/L, p = 0.018), but no significant changes were observed in the HSG or DCG groups.
Despite concerns that pistachio nut consumption may promote weight gain, the daily ingestion of either 42 g or 70 g of pistachios for 12 weeks did not lead to weight gain or an increase in waist-to-hip ratio in Chinese subjects with metabolic syndrome. In addition, pistachio consumption may improve the risk factor associated with the metabolic syndrome.
研究表明，开心果可以改善中度高胆固醇血症患者的血脂水平，从而降低心血管疾病的风险。然而，人们普遍认为，由于坚果的高脂肪含量，食用坚果会导致体重增加。
研究不同剂量的开心果对代谢综合征患者体重、血压、血脂、血糖和胰岛素的影响。
在北京的三个内分泌科门诊招募了 90 名代谢综合征患者（符合 2005 年国际糖尿病联合会代谢综合征标准，无糖尿病）。所有患者均根据美国心脏协会一级饮食指南接受饮食咨询。经过 4 周的适应期后，将患者随机分为三组：每天食用推荐量 42 克开心果（RSG）、每天食用 70 克开心果（HSG）或不食用开心果（DCG），持续 12 周。
三组患者在基线时的 BMI 相匹配：DCG 28.03 ± 4.3；RSG 28.12 ± 3.22；HSG 28.01 ± 4.51 kg/m2。在研究过程中，任何一组的体重或 BMI 均无显著变化，且任何一组在任何时间点均无基线变化。在整个研究过程中，三组的腰围-臀围比或任何一组的基线变化均无显著差异（DCG -0.00 ± 0.03，RSG -0.01 ± 0.02，HSG 0.01 ± 0.04）。三组患者在服用 75 克葡萄糖后，甘油三酯、空腹血糖和餐后 2 小时血糖均无显著差异。探索性分析表明，与基线相比，HSG 组在 12 周时 75 克葡萄糖负荷后 2 小时的血糖值明显降低（-1.13 ± 2.58 mmol/L，p = 0.02），RSG 组也有类似趋势（-0.77 ± 2.07 mmol/L，p = 0.06），而 DCG 组无显著变化（-0.15 ± 2.27 mmol/L，p = 0.530）。研究结束时，RSG 组血清甘油三酯水平与基线相比显著降低（-0.38 ± 0.79 mmol/L，p = 0.018），但 HSG 组和 DCG 组无显著变化。
尽管人们担心开心果的食用可能会导致体重增加，但在 12 周内每天摄入 42 克或 70 克开心果并不会导致中国代谢综合征患者体重增加或腰围-臀围比增加。此外，开心果的食用可能会改善与代谢综合征相关的危险因素。
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