Annamalay Alicia A, Khoo Siew-Kim, Jacoby Peter, Bizzintino Joelene, Zhang Guicheng, Chidlow Glenys, Lee Wai-Ming, Moore Hannah C, Harnett Gerry B, Smith David W, Gern James E, LeSouef Peter N, Laing Ingrid A, Lehmann Deborah
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Jul;31(7):673-9. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318256ffc6.
Human rhinovirus (HRV) species C (HRV-C) have been associated with frequent and severe acute lower respiratory infections and asthma in hospitalized children. The prevalence of HRV-C among healthy children and whether this varies with ethnicity is unknown.
To describe the prevalence of HRV species and their associations with demographic, environmental and socioeconomic factors in healthy Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children.
Respiratory viruses and bacteria were identified in 1006 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from a cohort of 79 Aboriginal and 88 non-Aboriginal Western Australian children before 2 years of age. HRV-positive nasopharyngeal aspirates were typed for HRV species and genotypes. Longitudinal growth models incorporating generalized estimating equations were used to investigate associations between HRV species and potential risk factors.
Of the 159 typed specimens, we identified 83 (52.2%) human rhinovirus species A (HRV-A), 26 (16.4%), human rhinovirus species B and 50 (31.4%) HRV-C. HRV-C was associated with upper respiratory symptoms in Aboriginal (odds ratio, 3.77; 95% confidence interval:1.05-13.55) and non-Aboriginal children (odds ratio, 5.85; 95% confidence interval: 2.33-14.66). HRV-A and HRV-C were associated with carriage of respiratory bacteria. In Aboriginal children, HRV-A was more common in the summer and in those whose mothers were employed prior to delivery. In non-Aboriginal children, day-care attendance and exclusive breast-feeding at age 6-8 weeks were associated with detection of HRV-A, and gestational smoking with detection of HRV-C.
Factors associated with the presence of HRV differ between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. In contrast to HRV-A, HRV-C is associated with upper respiratory symptoms suggesting that HRV-C is likely to be implicated in respiratory illness.
人鼻病毒C型（HRV-C）与住院儿童频繁且严重的急性下呼吸道感染及哮喘有关。健康儿童中HRV-C的流行情况以及其是否因种族而异尚不清楚。
描述健康的原住民和非原住民儿童中HRV种类的流行情况及其与人口统计学、环境和社会经济因素的关联。
从西澳大利亚州的79名原住民和88名非原住民儿童队列中收集了1006份2岁前儿童的鼻咽抽吸物，对其中的呼吸道病毒和细菌进行鉴定。对HRV阳性的鼻咽抽吸物进行HRV种类和基因型分型。使用纳入广义估计方程的纵向生长模型来研究HRV种类与潜在危险因素之间的关联。
在159份分型标本中，我们鉴定出83份（52.2%）人鼻病毒A种（HRV-A）、26份（16.4%）人鼻病毒B种和50份（31.4%）HRV-C。HRV-C与原住民儿童（比值比，3.77；95%置信区间：1.05 - 13.55）和非原住民儿童的上呼吸道症状有关（比值比，5.85；95%置信区间：2.33 - 14.66）。HRV-A和HRV-C与呼吸道细菌携带有关。在原住民儿童中，HRV-A在夏季以及母亲在分娩前就业的儿童中更常见。在非原住民儿童中，6 - 8周龄时入托和纯母乳喂养与HRV-A的检出有关，而孕期吸烟与HRV-C的检出有关。
原住民和非原住民儿童中与HRV存在相关的因素有所不同。与HRV-A不同，HRV-C与上呼吸道症状有关，这表明HRV-C可能与呼吸道疾病有关。
