Center for Precolumbian Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927, Warsaw, Poland.
BMC Genet. 2012 Apr 23;13:30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-30.
A detailed genetic study of the pre-Columbian population inhabiting the Tompullo 2 archaeological site (department Arequipa, Peru) was undertaken to resolve the kin relationships between individuals buried in six different chullpas. Kin relationships were an important factor shaping the social organization in the pre-Columbian Andean communities, centering on the ayllu, a group of relatives that shared a common land and responsibilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this Andean model of a social organization had an influence on mortuary practices, in particular to determine whether chullpas served as family graves.
The remains of forty-one individuals were analyzed with both uniparental (mtDNA, Y-chromosome) and biparental (autosomal microsatellites) markers. Reproducible HVRI sequences, autosomal and Y chromosomal STR profiles were obtained for 24, 16 and 11 individuals, respectively. Mitochondrial DNA diversity was comparable to that of ancient and contemporary Andean populations. The Tompullo 2 population exhibited the closest relationship with the modern population from the same region. A kinship analysis revealed complex pattern of relations within and between the graves. However mean relatedness coefficients regarding the pairs of individuals buried in the same grave were significantly higher than those regarding pairs buried in different graves. The Y chromosome profiles of 11 males suggest that only members of one male line were buried in the same grave.
Genetic investigation of the population that inhabited Tompullo 2 site shows continuity between pre-Columbian and modern Native Amerindian populations inhabiting the Arequipa region. This suggests that no major demographic processes have influenced the mitochondrial DNA diversity of these populations during the past five hundred years. The kinship analysis involving uni- and biparental markers suggests that the community that inhabited the Tompullo 2 site was organized into extended family groups that were buried in different graves. This finding is in congruence with known models of social organization of Andean communities.
对居住在托姆普利洛 2 号考古遗址（秘鲁阿雷基帕省）的前哥伦布时期人口进行了详细的遗传研究，以解决埋葬在六个不同丘帕中的个体之间的亲属关系。亲属关系是塑造前哥伦布时期安第斯社区社会组织的一个重要因素，以 ayllu 为中心，ayllu 是一群共享共同土地和责任的亲属。本研究的目的是评估这种安第斯社会组织模式是否对埋葬习俗有影响，特别是确定丘帕是否作为家族墓地。
对 41 个人的遗骸进行了单倍体（mtDNA、Y 染色体）和双等位基因（常染色体微卫星）标记分析。分别获得了 24、16 和 11 个人的可重复 HVRI 序列、常染色体和 Y 染色体 STR 图谱。线粒体 DNA 多样性与古代和当代安第斯人群相当。托姆普利洛 2 号人群与来自同一地区的现代人群关系最为密切。亲属关系分析显示出坟墓内和坟墓之间关系的复杂模式。然而，同一坟墓中埋葬的个体之间的平均相关系数明显高于不同坟墓中埋葬的个体之间的相关系数。11 名男性的 Y 染色体图谱表明，只有一个男性家族的成员被埋葬在同一个坟墓中。
对居住在托姆普利洛 2 号遗址的人口进行的遗传研究表明，前哥伦布时期和现代美洲原住民人口之间存在连续性，这些人口居住在阿雷基帕地区。这表明，在过去的五百年里，没有重大的人口过程影响了这些人口的线粒体 DNA 多样性。涉及单倍体和双等位基因的亲属关系分析表明，居住在托姆普利洛 2 号遗址的社区组织成不同的墓地埋葬的大家庭群体。这一发现与安第斯社区社会组织的已知模式一致。
