Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2012 Sep;38(5):1137-51. doi: 10.1037/a0028151. Epub 2012 Apr 30.
Improving memory for studied items (targets) often helps participants reject nonstudied items (lures), a pattern referred to as the strength-based mirror effect (SBME). Criss (2010) demonstrated the SBME in diffusion model drift rates; that is, the target drift rate was higher and the lure drift rate was lower for lists of words studied 5 times versus lists of words studied once. She interpreted the drift rate effect for lures as evidence for the differentiation process, whereby strong memory traces produce a poorer match to lure items than do weak memory traces. However, she noted that strength may have also affected a model parameter called the drift criterion-a participant-controlled decision parameter that defines the zero point in drift rate. We directly contrasted the differentiation and drift-criterion accounts by manipulating list strength either at both encoding and retrieval (which produces a differentiation difference in the studied traces) or at retrieval only (which equates differentiation from the study list but provides the opportunity to change decision processes based on strength). Across 3 experiments, results showed that drift rates for lures were lower on strong tests than on weak tests, and this effect was observed even when strength was varied at retrieval alone. Therefore, results provided evidence that the SBME is produced by changes in decision processes, not by differentiation of memory traces.
提高对已学项目（目标）的记忆通常有助于参与者拒绝未学项目（诱饵），这种模式被称为基于强度的镜像效应（SBME）。Criss（2010）在扩散模型漂移率中证明了 SBME 的存在；也就是说，与只学习一次的单词列表相比，学习 5 次的单词列表的目标漂移率更高，而诱饵漂移率更低。她将诱饵的漂移率效应解释为区分过程的证据，即强记忆痕迹与诱饵项目的匹配度不如弱记忆痕迹。然而，她指出，强度也可能影响了一个称为漂移准则的模型参数——一个由参与者控制的决策参数，该参数定义了漂移率的零点。我们通过在编码和检索时（这会在已学痕迹中产生区分差异）或仅在检索时（这会从研究列表中产生相同的区分，但提供了基于强度改变决策过程的机会）操纵列表强度，直接对比了区分和漂移准则解释。在 3 项实验中，结果表明，在强测试中，诱饵的漂移率低于弱测试，即使在仅检索时改变强度，也观察到了这种效应。因此，结果表明 SBME 是由决策过程的变化而不是记忆痕迹的区分产生的。
