Rajaie Somayeh, Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
MSc Student, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
ARYA Atheroscler. 2011 Summer;7(2):78-86.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important causes of human mortality in the world. Higher intakes of choline and betaine have been shown to be associated with lower plasma homocysteine levels (the putative CVD risk factor). This study aimed to review the evidence on the association between dietary intakes of choline and betaine and traditional/novel CVD risk factors.
We searched in PubMed website from 1990 to 2009, with the use of following keywords: "dietary choline and betaine, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, inflammation". The cross-sectional and prospective studies as well as the clinical trials were recruited in this investigation.
Dietary intakes of "choline"/"choline and betaine" were not significantly associated with CVD risk; however, the higher intakes of choline and betaine were associated with higher serum concentrations of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α. Individuals with high plasma choline levels were obese and had elevated plasma triglycerides, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels; whereas high plasma betaine levels were inversely associated with these biochemical markers. Both choline and betaine supplementation resulted in increased blood lipid profiles.
Although dietary intakes of choline and betaine were not significantly associated with CVD incidence, the long-term consumption of these nutrients have been shown to prevent CVD mortality by decreasing inflammation and other risk factors.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球人类死亡的最重要原因。已表明较高的胆碱和甜菜碱摄入量与较低的血浆同型半胱氨酸水平（假定的心血管疾病风险因素）相关。本研究旨在综述关于胆碱和甜菜碱的膳食摄入量与传统/新型心血管疾病风险因素之间关联的证据。
我们在1990年至2009年期间的PubMed网站上进行搜索，使用了以下关键词：“膳食胆碱和甜菜碱、心血管疾病、代谢综合征、炎症”。本调查纳入了横断面研究、前瞻性研究以及临床试验。
“胆碱”/“胆碱和甜菜碱”的膳食摄入量与心血管疾病风险无显著关联；然而，较高的胆碱和甜菜碱摄入量与较高的血清CRP、IL - 6和TNF - α浓度相关。血浆胆碱水平高的个体肥胖，且血浆甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高；而高血浆甜菜碱水平与这些生化指标呈负相关。补充胆碱和甜菜碱均导致血脂谱升高。
尽管胆碱和甜菜碱的膳食摄入量与心血管疾病发病率无显著关联，但长期摄入这些营养素已被证明可通过减轻炎症和其他风险因素来预防心血管疾病死亡。
