Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2012 May;12(4):407-21. doi: 10.1586/erm.12.28.
Microfluidic systems for cell separation and analysis have attracted increasing research activity over the past decades. In particular, the prospect of integrating all steps from sample preparation to assay readout in a single microfluidic cartridge, which is inserted into a compact, portable and potentially low-cost instrument, bears great promise to leverage next-generation diagnostic products and to advance life-science research with novel cell and particle manipulation, and analysis tools. Within the range of microfluidic actuation principles available, the centrifugal force is exceptionally well suited for cell handling due to its rotationally induced 'artificial gravity field', which can be varied over several orders of magnitude and which can manipulate bioparticles even in the absence of flow. We will survey how the base centrifugal force has been combined with the hydrodynamic Stokes drag, magnetic, dielectrophoretic and other forces to enable multidimensional separation and manipulation. The same centrifugal microfluidic toolbox has also been applied to investigate particles such as biofunctionalized beads, bacteria and multicellular microorganisms. This review summarizes the significant progress in modular unit operations such as cell removal, filtering, lysis, separation, sorting, encapsulation, trapping, assaying, sensing, cytometry and detection, even derived from low-cost conventional optical disc drive technology (e.g., CD and DVD), towards integrated and automated centrifugal microfluidic platforms for the handling and analysis of cells and bioparticles.
在过去的几十年中，用于细胞分离和分析的微流控系统引起了越来越多的研究兴趣。特别是，将从样品制备到检测读出的所有步骤集成到单个微流控芯片中，并将其插入到紧凑、便携式且具有潜在低成本的仪器中，有望利用下一代诊断产品，并利用新型的细胞和颗粒操作和分析工具来推进生命科学研究。在现有的微流体致动原理范围内，由于其旋转诱导的“人工重力场”，离心力非常适合于细胞处理，该场可以在几个数量级上变化，并且即使没有流动也可以操纵生物颗粒。我们将调查基本离心力如何与流体动力的斯托克斯阻力、磁场、介电泳和其他力结合使用，以实现多维分离和操作。相同的离心微流控工具盒也已应用于研究生物功能化珠粒、细菌和多细胞微生物等颗粒。本综述总结了从低成本传统光盘驱动技术（例如 CD 和 DVD）发展而来的模块化单元操作的显著进展，这些操作包括细胞去除、过滤、裂解、分离、分选、封装、捕获、检测、感测、细胞术和检测，甚至衍生而来，这些操作都朝着用于细胞和生物颗粒处理和分析的集成和自动化离心微流控平台发展。
