Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Eur J Nutr. 2013 Mar;52(2):727-35. doi: 10.1007/s00394-012-0378-5. Epub 2012 May 26.
We studied differences in breast milk fatty acid (FA) composition between overweight and normal weight women and the effect of FA composition on children's cholesterol concentrations at 13 months and growth from birth to 13 months.
Samples were collected from lactating women (n = 100) participating in STEPS study at infant's age of 3 months, and FA composition was analyzed with gas chromatography. Diet of mother was studied with Index of Diet Quality at third trimester of pregnancy and with food frequency questionnaire on sampling day. The children's weights and heights were collected from hospital records at birth and during study visits at 13 months.
Overweight women's breast milk compared to normal weight women's breast milk contained higher amount of saturated FAs (46.3 vs. 43.6 %, P = 0.012), lower amount of n-3FAs (2.2 vs. 2.7 %, P = 0.010), lower ratio of unsaturated to saturated FAs (1.1 vs. 1.3, P = 0.008), and higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 FAs (5.7 vs. 4.9, P = 0.031) than those of normal weight women even after adjusting for maternal diet (P < 0.05 for all). Normal weight women adhered more to dietary recommendations during pregnancy, whereas no differences were found in diet at sampling 3 months postpartum. The children's weight gains correlated with saturated FAs (R = 0.22, P = 0.04) and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated FAs (R = -0.23, P = 0.038) in milk; however, effects diminished after adjusting for total duration of breastfeeding. Milk FA composition was not associated with children's cholesterol concentrations at 13 months.
Breast milk FA composition differed between overweight and normal weight women.
我们研究了超重和正常体重妇女母乳脂肪酸（FA）组成的差异，以及 FA 组成对 13 个月儿童胆固醇浓度和出生至 13 个月生长的影响。
在婴儿 3 个月时，从参与 STEPS 研究的哺乳期妇女（n=100）中采集样本，并使用气相色谱法分析 FA 组成。在妊娠晚期使用饮食质量指数和采样日的食物频率问卷研究母亲的饮食。在出生时和 13 个月的研究访问中从医院记录中收集儿童的体重和身高。
与正常体重妇女的母乳相比，超重妇女的母乳含有更高量的饱和 FA（46.3%比 43.6%，P=0.012）、更低量的 n-3FA（2.2%比 2.7%，P=0.010）、更低的不饱和与饱和 FA 比值（1.1 比 1.3，P=0.008）和更高的 n-6 与 n-3 FA 比值（5.7 比 4.9，P=0.031），即使在校正母亲的饮食后（所有 P<0.05）也是如此。正常体重妇女在怀孕期间更遵守饮食建议，而在产后 3 个月采样时的饮食没有差异。儿童的体重增加与母乳中的饱和 FA（R=0.22，P=0.04）和不饱和与饱和 FA 比值（R=-0.23，P=0.038）相关；然而，在调整了总母乳喂养时间后，这些影响减弱。母乳 FA 组成与 13 个月儿童的胆固醇浓度无关。
超重和正常体重妇女的母乳 FA 组成存在差异。
