IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Sep;404(4):1211-37. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6073-9. Epub 2012 May 30.
Biotechnological processes are crucial to the development of any economy striving to ensure a relevant position in future markets. The cultivation of microorganisms in bioreactors is one of the most important unit operations of biotechnological processes, and real-time monitoring of bioreactors is essential for effective bioprocess control. In this review, published material on the potential application of different spectroscopic techniques for bioreactor monitoring is critically discussed, with particular emphasis on optical fiber technology, reported for in situ bioprocess monitoring. Application examples are presented by spectroscopy type, specifically focusing on ultraviolet-visible, near-infrared, mid-infrared, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectra acquisition devices available and the major advantages and disadvantages of each spectroscopy are discussed. The type of information contained in the spectra and the available chemometric methods for extracting that information are also addressed, including wavelength selection, spectra pre-processing, principal component analysis, and partial least-squares. Sample handling techniques (flow and sequential injection analysis) that include transport to spectroscopic sensors for ex-situ on-line monitoring are not covered in this review.
生物技术过程对于任何寻求在未来市场中确保相关地位的经济体的发展都至关重要。在生物反应器中培养微生物是生物技术过程中最重要的单元操作之一，实时监测生物反应器对于有效的生物过程控制至关重要。在这篇综述中，批判性地讨论了不同光谱技术在生物反应器监测中的潜在应用，特别强调了光纤技术在原位生物过程监测中的应用。根据光谱类型展示了应用实例，具体侧重于紫外可见光谱、近红外光谱、中红外光谱、拉曼光谱和荧光光谱。讨论了可用的光谱采集设备以及每种光谱的主要优点和缺点。还讨论了光谱中包含的信息类型以及可用于提取该信息的化学计量学方法，包括波长选择、光谱预处理、主成分分析和偏最小二乘。本综述未涵盖包括将样品传输到光谱传感器进行离线在线监测的流动和顺序注射分析等样品处理技术。
