Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(6):549-52. doi: 10.1007/s12603-012-0023-2.
Despite many studies on cognitive function and its influential factors among old population, relatively little research has been designed to study the relationship between dietary intake and cognitive function in elderly.
We conducted a population-based, prospective nested case-control study to investigate the association between dietary habits and declines in cognitive function over three years among Chinese illiterate elderly.
This study was part of the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Study (CLHLS). Six thousand nine hundred and eleven illiterate residents aged 65 or older were investigated. Socio-demographic and dietary habits data were collected at baseline. The cognitive function of illiterate elderly persons was assessed using Chinese revised Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE-r) in 2002 and 2005. Cognitive decline was defined as MMSE-r score dropped to less than 18 at follow-up among those with normal cognitive function (MMSE-r≥18 at baseline). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated via logistic regression models.
Five thousand six hundred and ninety one elderly were included in the current analysis. In bivariate analysis, cognitive decline was associated with gender, marital status ,financial status, smoking, drinking alcohol, drinking tea, eating fruits, vegetables, legumes, fishes, meat, egg and sugar. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that always eating vegetable (Adjusted OR: 0.66; 95% confidence intervals, CI: 0.58, 0.75), always consuming legumes (AOR:0.78; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.96) were inversely associated with cognitive decline.
Lower intakes of vegetables and legumes were associated with cognitive decline among illiterate elderly Chinese. Dietary factors may be important for prevention cognitive decline.
尽管有许多关于老年人群认知功能及其影响因素的研究，但针对老年人饮食摄入与认知功能之间的关系的研究相对较少。
我们进行了一项基于人群的前瞻性巢式病例对照研究，旨在调查饮食习惯与三年内中国文盲老年人认知功能下降之间的关系。
本研究是中国长寿纵向研究（CLHLS）的一部分。共调查了 6911 名 65 岁或以上的文盲居民。在基线时收集了社会人口统计学和饮食习惯数据。在 2002 年和 2005 年使用中国修订版简易精神状态检查表（MMSE-r）评估文盲老年人的认知功能。认知下降定义为在随访中认知功能正常（基线时 MMSE-r≥18）的人群中 MMSE-r 评分降至<18。通过逻辑回归模型计算比值比（OR）。
5691 名老年人纳入本次分析。在单因素分析中，认知下降与性别、婚姻状况、经济状况、吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、吃水果、蔬菜、豆类、鱼类、肉类、鸡蛋和糖有关。多因素逻辑回归分析发现，经常吃蔬菜（调整后的 OR：0.66；95%置信区间，CI：0.58，0.75）和经常吃豆类（AOR：0.78；95%CI：0.64，0.96）与认知下降呈负相关。
蔬菜和豆类摄入量较低与中国文盲老年人认知能力下降有关。饮食因素可能对预防认知能力下降很重要。
