School of Physical Education, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Jan;113(1):233-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-012-2431-8. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
We examined young athletes during a triathlon performed in a hot climate. Complete or partial data were available for 95 athletes competing in the National Triathlon Championship in Costa Rica. Mean ± SD for age and body weight (BW) were 13.1 ± 2.5 years and 46.3 ± 11.5 kg, respectively. Race requirements included: 500 m swimming, 15 km cycling, 3.5 km running for juniors (9-13 years); 800 m swimming, 30 km cycling, 8 km running for seniors (14-17 years). WBGT on race day was >31 °C. BW recorded pre- and post-race was available for 92 athletes and performance data were available for 83 of these. Information regarding symptoms experienced during the race was available for 95 athletes. Change in BW (%ΔBW) was calculated and ranged from +0.6 to -2.4 % for junior boys (-1.2 ± 0.9 %), +0.7 to -2.5 % for junior girls (-1.3 ± 0.9 %), 0 to -2.8 % for senior girls (-1.3 ± 0.9 %), and +0.6 to -4.5 % for senior boys (-1.7 ± 1.1 %). Eighteen participants reported no medical symptoms. Of 77 participants who reported symptoms, 42.9 % reported exhaustion/fatigue, 36.4 % reported side stitch/cramp, and 23.4 % reported dizziness. Participants reporting no medical symptoms achieved almost identical (P = 0.99) %ΔBW as those reporting at least one symptom. %ΔBW was more negative (P = 0.005) in participants who reported dizziness (-1.9 %ΔBW) compared with those who did not (-1.4 %ΔBW). %ΔBW was associated with performance in junior girls (r = 0.47, P = 0.02) and senior boys (r = 0.51, P = 0.01), with a trend in junior boys (r = 0.41, P = 0.053) but not in senior girls (r = 0.004, P = 0.99). Young athletes participating in a triathlon in a hot climate can tolerate mild to moderate levels of dehydration, without detrimental effects to self-assessed health.
我们在炎热气候下的三铁竞赛中检查了年轻运动员。在哥斯达黎加全国三铁锦标赛中，有 95 名运动员完成了部分或全部数据采集。年龄和体重的平均值±标准差分别为 13.1±2.5 岁和 46.3±11.5 公斤。比赛要求包括：青少年（9-13 岁）进行 500 米游泳、15 公里自行车、3.5 公里跑步；青少年（14-17 岁）进行 800 米游泳、30 公里自行车、8 公里跑步。比赛当天的 WBGT 超过 31°C。92 名运动员记录了比赛前后的体重，其中 83 名运动员提供了比赛成绩数据。95 名运动员提供了比赛中出现的症状信息。体重变化百分比（%ΔBW）的计算范围为青少年男孩（-1.2±0.9%）为+0.6 至-2.4%，青少年女孩（-1.3±0.9%）为+0.7 至-2.5%，少女（-1.3±0.9%）为 0 至-2.8%，青少年男孩（-1.7±1.1%）为+0.6 至-4.5%。18 名参与者报告没有医疗症状。在 77 名报告有症状的参与者中，42.9%报告疲劳/疲劳，36.4%报告侧腹痛/抽筋，23.4%报告头晕。报告无医疗症状的参与者的%ΔBW 几乎与报告至少一种症状的参与者相同（P=0.99）。报告头晕的参与者的%ΔBW 更负（P=0.005），为-1.9%ΔBW，而没有报告头晕的参与者为-1.4%ΔBW。%ΔBW 与青少年女孩（r=0.47，P=0.02）和青少年男孩（r=0.51，P=0.01）的表现相关，在青少年男孩中呈趋势（r=0.41，P=0.053），但在少女中无相关（r=0.004，P=0.99）。在炎热气候下参加三铁竞赛的年轻运动员可以忍受轻度至中度脱水，对自我评估的健康没有不利影响。
