Weiner J A, Nylander M, Berglund F
National Board of Occupational Safety and Health, Solna, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 1990 Dec 1;99(1-2):1-22. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90206-a.
Amalgam is the most extensively used implant material in dentistry. There have been no clinical trials of this substance and there are no epidemiological studies that allow any conclusions on the safety of amalgam fillings. Amalgam restorations continuously emit mercury vapour, which is absorbed in considerable quantities via the lungs. A comparison with dose-effect relationships, obtained in occupational studies, for certain effects on the kidneys and central nervous system (CNS), suggests that individuals with unusually high emission of mercury from amalgam fillings are at risk. It is unclear whether or not clinically significant effects could be expected. The limited sensitivity of available occupational studies, together with insufficient knowledge of possible host factors affecting resistance to mercury, implies that other more severe effects in susceptible individuals cannot be excluded. Information on long-term effects on organs other than brain or kidney is sparse. Animal studies suggest the possibility of immune system reactions to mercury, i.e. development of autoimmunity, that are not primarily dose-dependent, but rather depend on genetic susceptibility. From a toxicological point of view, amalgam is an unsuitable material for dental restorations.
汞合金是牙科领域使用最为广泛的植入材料。目前尚未对该物质进行临床试验，也没有流行病学研究能就汞合金填充物的安全性得出任何结论。汞合金修复体会持续释放汞蒸气，大量汞蒸气会通过肺部被人体吸收。将其与职业研究中得出的某些对肾脏和中枢神经系统（CNS）影响的剂量效应关系进行比较后发现，汞合金填充物汞释放量异常高的个体存在风险。目前尚不清楚是否会出现具有临床意义的影响。现有职业研究的敏感性有限，加上对可能影响汞耐受性的宿主因素了解不足，这意味着不能排除易感个体出现其他更严重影响的可能性。关于汞对大脑和肾脏以外器官长期影响的信息匮乏。动物研究表明，汞可能引发免疫系统反应，即自身免疫的发展，这种反应并非主要依赖剂量，而是取决于遗传易感性。从毒理学角度来看，汞合金并非适合用于牙齿修复的材料。
