Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Apr;112(4):486-498.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2011.12.003.
Large disparities exist across ethnic and socioeconomic status groups regarding obesity and other chronic diseases. Eliminating health disparities is a national priority in the United States.
To test between-group differences in nutrition- and health-related psychosocial factors (NHRPF) and their associations with US adults' diet, exercise, and weight status. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Nationally representative data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey 1994-96 from 4,356 US adults aged 20 to 65 years were used. Diet was assessed using 24-hour recalls, NHRPF was assessed by 25 questions, and weight status was determined by self-reported weight and height. Index scores were created to measure NHRPF. Diet quality was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI).
Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were conducted to examine the associations.
Some ethnic differences in NHRPF existed but were small. There were statistically significant (P<0.05) and large ethnic differences in diet (blacks had the worst average HEI and whites the best at 47.6 vs 52.3, respectively). Groups with higher socioeconomic status had better NHRPF (ie, had better nutrition knowledge and beliefs, made better food choices, and had better awareness of nutrition-related health risks) and HEI score. Subjects with high school education had higher NHRPF score (37.2 vs 35.7) and HEI score (54.5 vs 49.5) than those with less than a high school education.
Ethnic differences among American adults' NHRPF were small, but socioeconomic status differences were greater. More efforts are needed to study the influences of the complex interactions between individual and social environmental factors that affect Americans' diet and weight status and to explain related ethnic disparities.
在肥胖和其他慢性病方面，不同种族和社会经济地位群体之间存在着巨大差异。消除健康差异是美国的国家优先事项。
测试营养和健康相关心理社会因素（NHRPF）在组间的差异及其与美国成年人饮食、运动和体重状况的关系。
设计和参与者/设置：使用了来自美国成年人的个人持续食物摄入量调查和 1994-96 年饮食与健康知识调查的全国代表性数据，年龄在 20 至 65 岁之间的 4356 名成年人。饮食通过 24 小时回忆进行评估，NHRPF 通过 25 个问题进行评估，体重状况通过自我报告的体重和身高确定。创建指数评分来衡量 NHRPF。使用美国农业部 2005 年健康饮食指数（HEI）评估饮食质量。
采用多元线性和逻辑回归模型进行分析。
NHRPF 存在一些种族差异，但差异较小。饮食方面存在统计学上显著（P<0.05）且较大的种族差异（黑人的平均 HEI 最差，为 47.6，白人最好，为 52.3）。社会经济地位较高的群体具有更好的 NHRPF（即，具有更好的营养知识和信念，做出更好的食物选择，并且对营养相关健康风险有更好的认识）和 HEI 评分。具有高中学历的受试者的 NHRPF 评分（37.2 分）和 HEI 评分（54.5 分）均高于具有高中学历以下的受试者（分别为 35.7 分和 49.5 分）。
美国成年人 NHRPF 中的种族差异较小，但社会经济地位差异较大。需要进一步努力研究影响美国人饮食和体重状况的个体和社会环境因素之间复杂相互作用的影响，并解释相关的种族差异。
