Pitt R, Guyer B, Hsieh C C, Malek M
Mater Childrens Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 1990 Dec;22(6):549-59. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(90)90027-i.
We reanalyzed data from the Pedestrian Injury Causation Study (PICS) for 1035 urban pedestrian injuries to children and youth less than 20 years of age. Analysis of variance with the Injury Severity Score (ISS) as the dependent variable was used to evaluate variables describing the characteristics of the pedestrian, the vehicle, the driver, and the circumstances under which the collision occurred. The mean injury severity score was 5.6. Nearly 80% of pedestrians had a minor injury, 13% moderate, and 7% severe; 4.5% of these pedestrian were killed. Multivariate analysis revealed that vehicle travel speed greater than 30 mph, pedestrian age less than 5 years, time of day either early morning or late afternoon, residential zone, type of road including collectors and major roads, and center travel lanes were associated with greater severity of injury. Attempts by the driver to avoid the collision by braking or other avoidance maneuvers were associated with reduced injury severity. Even on local streets and in residential zones, nearly 20% of children were struck by vehicles exceeding 30 mph, and these children were injured much more severely than children struck by more slowly moving vehicles.
我们重新分析了行人伤害因果关系研究（PICS）的数据，该研究涉及1035起城市儿童和20岁以下青少年行人受伤案例。以损伤严重程度评分（ISS）作为因变量的方差分析，用于评估描述行人、车辆、驾驶员以及碰撞发生时环境特征的变量。平均损伤严重程度评分为5.6。近80%的行人受轻伤，13%为中度伤，7%为重伤；其中4.5%的行人死亡。多变量分析显示，车辆行驶速度超过每小时30英里、行人年龄小于5岁、清晨或傍晚时段、住宅区、包括集散道路和主要道路在内的道路类型以及中央行车道与更严重的损伤相关。驾驶员通过刹车或其他避让操作试图避免碰撞与损伤严重程度降低相关。即使在当地街道和住宅区，近20%的儿童被时速超过30英里的车辆撞到，这些儿童比被行驶速度较慢的车辆撞到的儿童受伤严重得多。
