Korzeniowska Elzbieta, Puchalski Krzysztof
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, Łódź Krajowe Centrum Promocji Zdrowia w Miejscu Pracy.
Med Pr. 2012;63(1):55-71.
Article addresses the problem of increasing Polish employees health education effectiveness according to the differences in educational level.
Research model assume that effective method of developing recommendations improving the health education will synthesise scientific findings regarding methodology of conducting such education and knowledge about needs of two target groups: low and high educated employees. Educational solutions were searched in publications related to: health education, andragogy, propaganda and direct marketing. The empirical material used to characterize two target groups came from four research (qualitative and quantitative) conducted by the National Centre for Workplace Health Promotion (Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine) in 2007-2010.
Low educated employees' health education should be focused on increasing responsibility for health and strengthening their self-confidence according to the introduction of healthy lifestyle changes. To achieve these goals, important issue is to build their motivation to develop knowledge about taking care of health. In providing such information we should avoid the methods associated with school. Another important issue is creating an appropriate infrastructure and conditions facilitating the change of harmful behaviors undertaken at home and in the workplace. According to high-educated employees a challenge is to support taking health behaviors--although they are convinced it is important for their health, such behaviors are perceived as a difficult and freedom restriction. Promoting behavior change techniques, avoiding prohibitions in the educational messages and creating favorable climate for taking care of health in groups they participate are needed.
本文探讨了根据教育水平差异提高波兰员工健康教育效果的问题。
研究模型假定，制定改进健康教育建议的有效方法将综合有关开展此类教育的方法的科学发现以及关于两个目标群体（低学历和高学历员工）需求的知识。在与健康教育、成人教育学、宣传和直销相关的出版物中搜索教育解决方案。用于描述两个目标群体特征的实证材料来自国家工作场所健康促进中心（诺费职业医学研究所）在2007 - 2010年进行的四项研究（定性和定量）。
低学历员工的健康教育应侧重于根据引入健康生活方式的改变来增强对健康的责任感并增强他们的自信心。为实现这些目标，重要的是激发他们获取健康知识的动力。在提供此类信息时，我们应避免采用与学校相关的方法。另一个重要问题是创建适当的基础设施和条件，以促进改变在家中和工作场所的有害行为。对于高学历员工而言，一项挑战是支持采取健康行为——尽管他们确信这对自身健康很重要，但此类行为被视为困难且限制自由。需要推广行为改变技巧，避免在教育信息中设置禁令，并为他们参与的群体营造有利于关注健康的氛围。
