Department of Psychology, Washington University inSt. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2013 May;39(3):940-5. doi: 10.1037/a0029199. Epub 2012 Jul 9.
The facilitative effect of retrieval practice, or testing, on the probability of later retrieval has been the focus of much recent empirical research. A lesser known benefit of retrieval practice is that it may also enhance the ability of a learner to benefit from a subsequent restudy opportunity. This facilitative effect of retrieval practice on subsequent encoding is known as test-potentiated learning. Thus far, however, the literature has not isolated the indirect effect of retrieval practice on subsequent memory (via enhancing the effectiveness of restudy) from the direct effects of retrieval on subsequent memory. The experiment presented here uses conditional probability to disentangle test-potentiated learning from the direct effects of retrieval practice. The results indicate that unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance the effectiveness of subsequent restudy, demonstrating that tests do potentiate subsequent learning.
检索练习（或测试）对后续检索的可能性的促进作用一直是最近实证研究的重点。检索练习的一个不太为人知的好处是，它还可以提高学习者从后续的复习机会中获益的能力。这种检索练习对后续编码的促进作用被称为测试增强学习。然而，到目前为止，文献尚未将检索练习对后续记忆的间接影响（通过增强复习的有效性）与检索对后续记忆的直接影响区分开来。本实验使用条件概率将测试增强学习与检索练习的直接效果分离开来。结果表明，不成功的检索尝试会增强后续复习的有效性，这表明测试确实可以增强后续学习。
