Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Laryngoscope. 2012 Oct;122(10):2175-8. doi: 10.1002/lary.23448. Epub 2012 Jul 9.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To quantify trends in the use of smokeless tobacco in the United States.
Longitudinal analysis of national population database.
The National Health Interview Surveys for 2000, 2005, and 2010 were analyzed for adult responses to specific questions regarding smokeless tobacco use, which includes chewing tobacco and snuff. Smokeless tobacco lifetime exposure, current use, and frequency of use were determined according to each sampled year, examining for trends over the past decade. Subset analysis for young adults (ages 18-44 years) was conducted. Demographic factors associated with smokeless tobacco use were also determined.
A total of 86,270 adults were surveyed. Among all adults, the proportions of those who had ever tried chewing tobacco were 7.1 ± 0.2%, 8.5 ± 0.2%, and 9.2 ± 0.2% for 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively (P < .001). Similarly, the proportions of those who had ever tried snuff were 4.4 ± 0.2%, 7.5 ± 0.2%, and 8.4 ± 0.3%, respectively (P < .001). In aggregate, the proportions who were regular users of chewing tobacco remained stable over the survey years: 1.3 ± 0.1%, 1.1 ± 0.1%, and 1.2 ± 0.1%, respectively (P = .382). In contrast, the percentages who were regular users of snuff tobacco increased significantly over the survey years: 1.4 ± 0.1%, 1.6 ± 0.1%, and 2.0 ± 0.1% (P < .001). The proportion of young adults regularly using snuff rose to 2.8 ± 0.2% (P < .001) in 2010. Male sex, non-Hispanic ethnicity, white race, and less than a high school education were characteristics that were strongly associated with smokeless tobacco use.
There was a trend toward increased smokeless tobacco use, mainly snuff, in the United States in the past decade. This trend was more prominent among young adults and likely will have future health-care implications.
目的/假设：定量分析美国无烟烟草使用的趋势。
对国家人口数据库进行纵向分析。
对 2000 年、2005 年和 2010 年的全国健康访谈调查进行分析，了解成年人对无烟烟草使用（包括咀嚼烟草和鼻烟）的具体问题的回答。根据每个抽样年份确定无烟烟草终身暴露、当前使用和使用频率，以检查过去十年的趋势。对年轻成年人（18-44 岁）进行亚组分析。还确定了与无烟烟草使用相关的人口统计学因素。
共有 86270 名成年人接受了调查。在所有成年人中，尝试咀嚼烟草的比例分别为 2000 年的 7.1±0.2%、2005 年的 8.5±0.2%和 2010 年的 9.2±0.2%（P<.001）。同样，尝试鼻烟的比例分别为 4.4±0.2%、7.5±0.2%和 8.4±0.3%（P<.001）。总体而言，咀嚼烟草的常规使用者比例在调查年份保持稳定：分别为 1.3±0.1%、1.1±0.1%和 1.2±0.1%（P=.382）。相比之下，鼻烟的常规使用者百分比在调查年份显著增加：分别为 1.4±0.1%、1.6±0.1%和 2.0±0.1%（P<.001）。2010 年，年轻成年人经常使用鼻烟的比例上升至 2.8±0.2%（P<.001）。男性、非西班牙裔、白种人和未完成高中学业是与无烟烟草使用密切相关的特征。
在过去十年中，美国无烟烟草使用呈上升趋势，主要是鼻烟。这种趋势在年轻成年人中更为明显，可能会对未来的医疗保健产生影响。
