Kahwa Eulalia K, Waldron Norman K, Younger Novie O, Edwards Nancy C, Knight-Madden Jennifer M, Bailey Kay A, Wint Yvonne B, Lewis-Bell Karen N
The UWI School of Nursing, Mona, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
BMJ Open. 2012 Jul 12;2(4). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001132. Print 2012.
To determine the prevalence and severity of asthma and allergies as well as risk factors for asthma among Jamaican children aged 2-17 years.
A cross-sectional, community-based prevalence survey using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The authors selected a representative sample of 2017 children using stratified, multistage cluster sampling design using enumeration districts as primary sampling units.
Jamaica, a Caribbean island with a total population of approximately 2.6 million, geographically divided into 14 parishes.
Children aged 2-17 years, who were resident in private households. Institutionalised children such as those in boarding schools and hospitals were excluded from the survey.
The prevalence and severity of asthma and allergy symptoms, doctor-diagnosed asthma and risk factors for asthma.
Almost a fifth (19.6%) of Jamaican children aged 2-17 years had current wheeze, while 16.7% had self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma. Both were more common among males than among females. The prevalence of rhinitis, hay fever and eczema among children was 24.5%, 25% and 17.3%, respectively. Current wheeze was more common among children with rhinitis in the last 12 months (44.3% vs 12.6%, p<0.001), hay fever (36.8% vs 13.8%, p<0.001) and eczema (34.1% vs 16.4%, p<0.001). Independent risk factors for current wheeze (ORs, 95% CI) were chest infections in the first year of life 4.83 (3.00 to 7.77), parental asthma 4.19 (2.8 to 6.08), rhinitis in the last 12 months 6.92 (5.16 to 9.29), hay fever 4.82 (3.62 to 6.41), moulds in the home 2.25 (1.16 to 4.45), cat in the home 2.44 (1.66 to 3.58) and dog in the home 1.81 (1.18 to 2.78).
The prevalence of asthma and allergies in Jamaican children is high. Significant risk factors for asthma include chest infections in the first year of life, a history of asthma in the family, allergies, moulds and pets in the home.
确定牙买加2至17岁儿童哮喘和过敏的患病率及严重程度以及哮喘的危险因素。
采用儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究问卷进行的一项基于社区的横断面患病率调查。作者使用分层多阶段整群抽样设计，以枚举区作为主要抽样单位，选取了2017名儿童的代表性样本。
牙买加是一个加勒比海岛屿，总人口约260万，地理上分为14个教区。
居住在私人家庭中的2至17岁儿童。寄宿学校和医院等机构中的儿童被排除在调查之外。
哮喘和过敏症状的患病率及严重程度、医生诊断的哮喘以及哮喘的危险因素。
几乎五分之一（19.6%）的牙买加2至17岁儿童目前有喘息症状，而16.7%的儿童自我报告有医生诊断的哮喘。两者在男性中都比在女性中更常见。儿童鼻炎、花粉热和湿疹的患病率分别为24.5%、25%和17.3%。在过去12个月内有鼻炎的儿童中，目前喘息更常见（44.3%对12.6%，p<0.001），花粉热（36.8%对13.8%，p<0.001）和湿疹（34.1%对16.4%，p<0.001）。目前喘息的独立危险因素（比值比，95%置信区间）为出生后第一年的胸部感染4.83（3.00至7.77）、父母哮喘4.19（2.8至6.08）、过去12个月内的鼻炎6.92（5.16至9.29）、花粉热4.82（3.62至6.41）、家中有霉菌2.25（1.16至4.45）、家中有猫2.44（1.66至3.58）和家中有狗1.81（1.18至2.78）。
牙买加儿童哮喘和过敏的患病率很高。哮喘的重要危险因素包括出生后第一年的胸部感染、家族哮喘病史、过敏、家中有霉菌和宠物。
