Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Am J Prev Med. 2012 Aug;43(2):159-67. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.04.020.
Physical activity is important for children's health, and identifying factors associated with their physical activity is important for future interventions and public health programs.
This study sought to identify multidimensional correlates of preschool children's physical activity.
The social-ecological model (SEM) was used to identify constructs potentially associated with preschool children's physical activity. Data were collected from 1004 preschool children, aged 3-5 years, and parents in 2008-2009, and analyzed in 2010-2011. Physical activity was measured over 8 days using ActiGraph accelerometers. Parents completed a comprehensive survey. Generalized linear modeling was used to assess associations between potential correlates and percentage of time spent in physical activity.
Correlates of physical activity were found across all the domains of the SEM and varied between boys and girls and week and weekend days. Age was the only consistent correlate, with children spending approximately 10% less time in physical activity for each advancing year of age. Some modifiable correlates that were related to more than one physical activity outcome were rules restricting rough games inside and usual daily sleep time for boys. For girls, a preference to play inside/draw/do crafts rather than be active, and child constraints, was associated with more than one of the physical activity outcomes. A novel finding in this study is the counterintuitive association between parental rules restricting rough games inside and boys' higher physical activity participation levels.
Potential strategies for promoting children's physical activity should seek to influence children's preference for physical activity and parent rules. Gender-specific strategies also may be warranted.
身体活动对儿童健康很重要，识别与身体活动相关的因素对于未来的干预和公共卫生计划很重要。
本研究旨在确定学龄前儿童身体活动的多维相关因素。
使用社会生态学模型（SEM）来确定与学龄前儿童身体活动相关的潜在结构。数据于 2008-2009 年从 1004 名 3-5 岁的儿童及其父母收集，并于 2010-2011 年进行分析。使用 ActiGraph 加速度计在 8 天内测量身体活动。父母完成了一份全面的调查。广义线性模型用于评估潜在相关因素与身体活动时间百分比之间的关联。
在 SEM 的所有领域都发现了身体活动的相关因素，这些因素在男孩和女孩以及周和周末之间有所不同。年龄是唯一一致的相关因素，儿童每增加一岁，身体活动时间就会减少约 10%。一些与一个以上身体活动结果相关的可修改相关因素是限制室内剧烈游戏的规则和男孩的日常睡眠时间。对于女孩，喜欢在室内/画画/做手工艺而不是活跃，以及孩子的限制，与一个以上的身体活动结果有关。本研究的一个新发现是，父母限制室内剧烈游戏的规则与男孩更高的身体活动参与水平之间存在反直觉的关联。
促进儿童身体活动的潜在策略应旨在影响儿童对身体活动的偏好和父母的规则。针对特定性别的策略可能也是必要的。
