Department of Cardiology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton-That-Tung Street, Dong-Da District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012 Jul 25;12:56. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-56.
Health promotion is a key component for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated the impact of healthy lifestyle promotion campaigns on CVD risk factors (CVDRF) in the general population in the context of a community-based programme on hypertension management.
A quasi-experimental intervention study was carried out in two rural communes of Vietnam from 2006 to 2009. In the intervention commune, a hypertensive-targeted management programme integrated with a community-targeted health promotion was initiated, while no new programme, apart from conventional healthcare services, was provided in the reference commune. Health promotion campaigns focused on smoking cessation, reducing alcohol consumption, encouraging physical activity and reducing salty diets. Repeated cross-sectional surveys in local adult population aged 25 years and over were undertaken to assess changes in blood pressure (BP) and behavioural CVDRFs (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and salty diet) in both communes before and after the 3-year intervention.
Overall 4,650 adults above 25 years old were surveyed, in four randomly independent samples covering both communes at baseline and after the 3-year intervention. Although physical inactivity and obesity increased over time in the intervention commune, there was a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic BP (3.3 and 4.7 mmHg in women versus 3.0 and 4.6 mmHg in men respectively) in the general population at the intervention commune. Health promotion reduced levels of salty diets but had insignificant impact on the prevalence of daily smoking or heavy alcohol consumption.
Community-targeted healthy lifestyle promotion can significantly improve some CVDRFs in the general population in a rural area over a relatively short time span. Limited effects on a context-bound CVDRF like smoking suggested that higher intensity of intervention, a supportive environment or a gender approach are required to maximize the effectiveness and maintain the sustainability of the health intervention.
健康促进是心血管疾病（CVD）一级预防的关键组成部分。本研究评估了在高血压管理社区为基础方案的背景下，健康生活方式促进活动对普通人群 CVD 风险因素（CVDRF）的影响。
2006 年至 2009 年，在越南的两个农村公社进行了一项准实验干预研究。在干预公社，启动了一个以高血压为目标的管理方案，同时在参考公社除了常规医疗服务外，没有提供新的方案。健康促进活动侧重于戒烟、减少饮酒、鼓励体育活动和减少咸食。在当地 25 岁及以上的成年人群中进行了重复的横断面调查，以评估两个公社在 3 年干预前后血压（BP）和行为性 CVDRFs（吸烟、饮酒、身体活动不足和咸食）的变化。
共有 4650 名 25 岁以上的成年人接受了调查，涵盖了基线和 3 年干预后的两个公社的四个随机独立样本。尽管干预公社的身体活动不足和肥胖率随着时间的推移而增加，但一般人群的收缩压和舒张压均显著降低（女性分别为 3.3 和 4.7mmHg，男性分别为 3.0 和 4.6mmHg）。健康促进降低了咸食水平，但对每日吸烟或大量饮酒的患病率没有显著影响。
在农村地区，以社区为目标的健康生活方式促进可以在相对较短的时间内显著改善普通人群的一些 CVDRFs。对特定环境下的 CVDRF（如吸烟）的影响有限，表明需要更高的干预强度、支持性环境或性别方法，以最大限度地提高健康干预的效果并保持其可持续性。
