National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Microsc Microanal. 2012 Aug;18(4):730-41. doi: 10.1017/S1431927612000281.
The immune system is highly evolved and can respond to infection throughout the body. Pathogenspecific immune cells are usually generated in secondary lymphoid tissues (e.g., spleen, lymph nodes) and then migrate to sites of infection where their functionality is shaped by the local milieu. Because immune cells are so heavily influenced by the infected tissue in which they reside, it is important that their interactions and dynamics be studied in vivo. Two-photon microscopy is a powerful approach to study host-immune interactions in living tissues, and recent technical advances in the field have enabled researchers to capture movies of immune cells and infectious agents operating in real time. These studies have shed light on pathogen entry and spread through intact tissues as well as the mechanisms by which innate and adaptive immune cells participate in thwarting infections. This review focuses on how two-photon microscopy can be used to study tissue-specific immune responses in vivo, and how this approach has advanced our understanding of host-immune interactions following infection.
免疫系统高度进化，可以对全身的感染作出反应。病原体特异性免疫细胞通常在次级淋巴组织（如脾、淋巴结）中产生，然后迁移到感染部位，在那里它们的功能受到局部环境的影响。由于免疫细胞受到其所在感染组织的强烈影响，因此研究它们的相互作用和动态变化在体内进行非常重要。双光子显微镜是研究活体组织中宿主-免疫相互作用的一种强大方法，该领域最近的技术进步使研究人员能够实时拍摄免疫细胞和传染性病原体的电影。这些研究揭示了病原体通过完整组织的进入和传播，以及先天和适应性免疫细胞参与阻止感染的机制。这篇综述重点介绍了如何使用双光子显微镜在体内研究组织特异性免疫反应，以及这种方法如何提高我们对感染后宿主-免疫相互作用的理解。
