Department for Developmental and Biological Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Hauptstrasse 47-51, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
Biol Lett. 2012 Dec 23;8(6):942-5. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0519. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
Humans, but not chimpanzees, punish unfair offers in ultimatum games, suggesting that fairness concerns evolved sometime after the split between the lineages that gave rise to Homo and Pan. However, nothing is known about fairness concerns in the other Pan species, bonobos. Furthermore, apes do not typically offer food to others, but they do react against theft. We presented a novel game, the ultimatum theft game, to both of our closest living relatives. Bonobos and chimpanzee 'proposers' consistently stole food from the responders' portions, but the responders did not reject any non-zero offer. These results support the interpretation that the human sense of fairness is a derived trait.
人类而非黑猩猩会在最后通牒博弈中惩罚不公平的提议，这表明公平关切是在导致人类和黑猩猩的谱系分裂之后的某个时间进化而来的。然而，对于其他的黑猩猩物种——倭黑猩猩，人们对其公平关切一无所知。此外，猿类通常不会主动给他人提供食物，但它们会对盗窃行为做出反应。我们向我们两个最近的亲属展示了一种新的游戏，即最后通牒盗窃游戏。倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩的“提议者”总是从“回应者”的份额中偷走食物，但“回应者”没有拒绝任何非零的提议。这些结果支持这样的解释，即人类的公平感是一种衍生特征。
