Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Oct;130(4):853-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.06.050. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
Several epidemiologic studies have shown that growing up in a farming environment is associated with a decreased risk of allergies. A factor that correlates strongly with this effect is the early ingestion of unheated cow's milk. Although, to date, no controlled studies on raw milk consumption have been performed to formally demonstrate this effect, several factors in bovine milk have been described that might explain how raw cow's milk consumption can decrease the risk of allergies. In addition, increasing knowledge on the immunologically active factors in breast milk have also contributed to our understanding of the effects of bovine milk in infants because many of the factors in bovine milk are expected to have functional effects in human subjects as well. Here we review these factors and their mechanisms of action and compare their presence in bovine milk and breast milk. A better understanding of these factors, as well as how to retain them, might ultimately lead to the development of mildly processed milk and infant nutrition products that could become a part of preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of allergic disease.
几项流行病学研究表明，在农业环境中长大与降低过敏风险有关。与这种效应密切相关的一个因素是早期摄入未经加热的牛奶。尽管迄今为止，尚未进行关于生奶消费的对照研究来正式证明这种效果，但已经描述了牛奶中的一些因素，这些因素可能解释了为什么生牛奶的消费可以降低过敏的风险。此外，对母乳中具有免疫活性的因素的了解也有助于我们理解牛奶对婴儿的影响，因为许多牛奶中的因素预计在人体中也具有功能作用。在这里，我们回顾这些因素及其作用机制，并比较它们在牛奶和母乳中的存在。更好地了解这些因素以及如何保留它们，最终可能会导致开发轻度加工的牛奶和婴儿营养产品，这些产品可能成为减少过敏疾病发病率的预防策略的一部分。
