State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2013 Mar;58(2):147-53. doi: 10.1007/s12223-012-0191-9. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
Ginkgo biloba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, ginkgoneolic acid, a kind of compound extracted from G. biloba, was investigated for its effects on growth, acid production, adherence, biofilm formation, and biofilm morphology of Streptococcus mutans. The results showed that ginkgoneolic acid inhibited not only the growth of S. mutans planktonic cells at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8 μg/mL but also the acid production and adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite of S. mutans at sub-MIC concentration. In addition, this agent was effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. mutans (MBIC(50) = 4 μg/mL), and it reduced 1-day-developed biofilm of S. mutans by 50 % or more at low concentration (MBRC(50) = 32 μg/mL). Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that ginkgoneolic acid disrupted biofilm integrity effectively. These findings suggest that ginkgoneolic acid is a natural anticariogenic agent in that it exhibits antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and suppresses the specific virulence factors associated with its cariogenicity.
银杏在传统中药中一直被使用。在这项研究中，从银杏中提取的一种化合物——银杏内酯酸，被用来研究其对变形链球菌生长、产酸、黏附、生物膜形成和生物膜形态的影响。结果表明，银杏内酯酸不仅在最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为 4μg/mL 和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）为 8μg/mL 时抑制变形链球菌浮游细胞的生长，而且在亚 MIC 浓度下也抑制变形链球菌对唾液包被羟磷灰石的产酸和黏附作用。此外，该药物能有效抑制变形链球菌的生物膜形成（MBIC（50）=4μg/mL），且在低浓度时（MBRC（50）=32μg/mL）能使 1 天形成的变形链球菌生物膜减少 50%以上。此外，本研究表明银杏内酯酸能有效破坏生物膜的完整性。这些发现表明银杏内酯酸是一种天然的抗龋剂，因为它对变形链球菌具有抗菌活性，并抑制了与致龋性相关的特定毒力因子。
