Purciel Marnie, Neckerman Kathryn M, Lovasi Gina S, Quinn James W, Weiss Christopher, Bader Michael D M, Ewing Reid, Rundle Andrew
Institute for Social & Economic Research & Policy, 420 West 118th Street, Mail Code 3355, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
J Environ Psychol. 2009 Dec 1;29(4):457-466. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.03.004.
Studies relating urban design to health have been impeded by the unfeasibility of conducting field observations across large areas and the lack of validated objective measures of urban design. This study describes measures for five dimensions of urban design - imageability, enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity - created using public geographic information systems (GIS) data from the US Census and city and state government. GIS measures were validated for a sample of 588 New York City block faces using a well-documented field observation protocol. Correlations between GIS and observed measures ranged from 0.28 to 0.89. Results show valid urban design measures can be constructed from digital sources.
将城市设计与健康相关联的研究一直受到阻碍，原因在于在大面积区域进行实地观察不可行，且缺乏经过验证的城市设计客观测量方法。本研究描述了利用来自美国人口普查以及城市和州政府的公共地理信息系统（GIS）数据创建的城市设计五个维度的测量方法——可意象性、围合感、人体尺度、透明度和复杂性。使用一份记录详尽的实地观察方案，对588个纽约市街区立面样本的GIS测量方法进行了验证。GIS测量方法与观察到的测量方法之间的相关性在0.28至0.89之间。结果表明，可以从数字来源构建有效的城市设计测量方法。
