Johnson R B
Department of Anatomy, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Dentistry, Winnipeg, Canada.
Am J Anat. 1990 Jan;187(1):91-7. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001870110.
Alteration of tooth function is assumed to change stress/strain on the adjacent alveolar bone and its mucoperiosteum, producing changes in morphology similar to those described for other load-bearing bones. The present study suggested that crestal alveolar bone and its mucoperiosteum respond differently to stress/strain than load-bearing bones in other locations, possibly due to differences in the mechanism of bone loading by muscles and teeth. Occlusal hypofunction was initiated by extraction of agonist teeth; the contralateral teeth were placed in hyperfunction by the surgery. Untreated animals were also studied. 3H-proline was injected, animals were killed 1-5 weeks later, and the thicknesses of new bone and transseptal ligament were measured. After 5 weeks of altered function, total thickness (new bone + transseptal ligament) was similar in untreated and in hypofunctional and hyperfunctional situations; however, a new ratio between transseptal ligament and new bone thicknesses was established. Occlusal force was negatively correlated with new bone and positively correlated with transseptal ligament thickness; both thicknesses were statistically correlated in each functional situation (P less than 0.001). Hyperfunction resulted in increased transseptal ligament thickness, but decreased new bone thickness as compared to untreated controls (P less than 0.001). In contrast, hypofunction resulted in an increased new bone thickness, but a decreased transseptal ligament thickness (P less than 0.001). Tissue responses assure appropriate support for the teeth in each functional situation.
牙齿功能的改变被认为会改变相邻牙槽骨及其粘骨膜上的应力/应变，从而产生与其他承重骨类似的形态变化。本研究表明，牙槽嵴顶骨及其粘骨膜对应力/应变的反应与其他部位的承重骨不同，这可能是由于肌肉和牙齿对骨加载的机制存在差异。通过拔除主动肌牙齿引发咬合功能减退；通过手术使对侧牙齿处于功能亢进状态。同时也对未治疗的动物进行了研究。注射3H-脯氨酸，1至5周后处死动物，测量新骨和跨牙槽隔韧带的厚度。功能改变5周后，未治疗组、功能减退组和功能亢进组的总厚度（新骨+跨牙槽隔韧带）相似；然而，跨牙槽隔韧带与新骨厚度之间建立了新的比例关系。咬合力与新骨呈负相关，与跨牙槽隔韧带厚度呈正相关；在每种功能状态下，两者厚度均具有统计学相关性（P<0.001）。与未治疗的对照组相比，功能亢进导致跨牙槽隔韧带厚度增加，但新骨厚度减少（P<0.001）。相反，功能减退导致新骨厚度增加，但跨牙槽隔韧带厚度减少（P<0.001）。组织反应确保在每种功能状态下为牙齿提供适当的支持。
