Adkins Jake, Pugh Shawn, McKenna Rebekah, Nielsen David R
Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA.
Front Microbiol. 2012 Aug 30;3:313. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00313. eCollection 2012.
By applying metabolic engineering tools and strategies to engineer synthetic enzyme pathways, the number and diversity of commodity and specialty chemicals that can be derived directly from renewable feedstocks is rapidly and continually expanding. This of course includes a number of monomer building-block chemicals that can be used to produce replacements to many conventional plastic materials. This review aims to highlight numerous recent and important advancements in the microbial production of these so-called "biomonomers." Relative to naturally-occurring renewable bioplastics, biomonomers offer several important advantages, including improved control over the final polymer structure and purity, the ability to synthesize non-natural copolymers, and allowing products to be excreted from cells which ultimately streamlines downstream recovery and purification. To highlight these features, a handful of biomonomers have been selected as illustrative examples of recent works, including polyamide monomers, styrenic vinyls, hydroxyacids, and diols. Where appropriate, examples of their industrial penetration to date and end-product uses are also highlighted. Novel biomonomers such as these are ultimately paving the way toward new classes of renewable bioplastics that possess a broader diversity of properties than ever before possible.
通过应用代谢工程工具和策略来构建合成酶途径，可直接从可再生原料中获得的商品化学品和特种化学品的数量及多样性正在迅速且持续地增加。这当然包括许多可用于生产多种传统塑料材料替代品的单体基础化学品。本综述旨在突出这些所谓“生物单体”微生物生产方面的众多最新且重要的进展。相对于天然存在的可再生生物塑料，生物单体具有几个重要优势，包括对最终聚合物结构和纯度的更好控制、合成非天然共聚物的能力，以及使产物从细胞中分泌出来，这最终简化了下游回收和纯化过程。为突出这些特性，已选择了一些生物单体作为近期研究工作的示例，包括聚酰胺单体、苯乙烯基乙烯基化合物、羟基酸和二醇。在适当的地方，还突出了它们迄今为止的工业渗透率及最终产品用途的示例。这类新型生物单体最终正在为新型可再生生物塑料铺平道路，这些生物塑料具有比以往任何时候都更广泛的性能多样性。
