Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;762:109-30. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_4.
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the initial infection and cell-to-cell transmission events that occur upon HIV-1 infection. DCs interact closely with CD4(+) T cells, the main target of HIV-1 replication. HIV-1 challenged DCs and target CD4(+) T cells form a virological synapse that allows highly efficient transmission of HIV-1 to the target CD4(+) T cells, in the absence of productive HIV-1 replication in the DCs. Immature and subsets of mature DCs show distinct patterns of HIV-1 replication and cell-to-cell transmission, depending upon the maturation stimulus that is used. The cellular and viral mechanisms that promote formation of the virological synapse have been the subject of intense study and the most recent progress is discussed here. Characterizing the cellular and viral factors that affect DC-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 to CD4(+) T cells is vitally important to understanding, and potentially blocking, the initial dissemination of HIV-1 in vivo.
树突状细胞（DCs）在 HIV-1 感染时发生的初始感染和细胞间传播事件中发挥关键作用。DCs 与 HIV-1 复制的主要靶标 CD4(+)T 细胞密切相互作用。受 HIV-1 挑战的 DCs 和靶标 CD4(+)T 细胞形成病毒学突触，允许 HIV-1 高效地传递到靶标 CD4(+)T 细胞，而 DCs 中没有 HIV-1 的复制。未成熟和成熟 DC 的亚群显示出不同的 HIV-1 复制和细胞间传播模式，这取决于所使用的成熟刺激物。促进病毒学突触形成的细胞和病毒机制一直是深入研究的主题，这里讨论了最新进展。描述影响 DC 将 HIV-1 传递给 CD4(+)T 细胞的细胞和病毒因子对于理解和潜在阻断 HIV-1 在体内的初始传播至关重要。
