The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Planta. 2013 Jan;237(1):103-20. doi: 10.1007/s00425-012-1748-1. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
Commercial cultivars of garlic (Allium sativum) do not produce flowers and seed; hence, information on microgametogenesis and genetic knowledge of this important crop is unavailable. Recently, physiological studies enabled flowering and fertility restoration in garlic bolting genotypes by environmental manipulations, thus broadening of the genetic variation and facilitating genetic studies. The present report provides first detailed description of the development of male gametophytes in 11 garlic genotypes varying in their fertility traits. Morphological and anatomical studies revealed completely fertile genotypes, as well as variation in anther and pollen development and disruption of the male organs and gametes at different developmental stages. Three types of plant sterility were observed, including complete sterility, male sterility and environmentally induced male sterility. The ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rRNA of the studied genotypes proved to be strongly conservative and thus did not correspond with the phenotypic expression of fertility or sterility in garlic. On the other hand, two-dimensional protein separation maps revealed significant differences between fertile and sterile genotypes, as well as between developmental stages of microsporogenesis. Further research is needed to investigate the internal mechanisms and environmental component of garlic sterility, as well as the possible molecular markers of these traits.
商业大蒜（Allium sativum）品种不产生花和种子；因此，有关该重要作物的小配子发生和遗传知识尚不清楚。最近，通过环境调控，生理研究使大蒜抽薹基因型能够开花和恢复育性，从而拓宽了遗传变异并促进了遗传研究。本报告首次详细描述了 11 个在育性性状上存在差异的大蒜基因型的雄性配子体发育。形态学和解剖学研究揭示了完全可育的基因型，以及花药和花粉发育的变化，以及在不同发育阶段雄性器官和配子的破坏。观察到三种类型的植物不育，包括完全不育、雄性不育和环境诱导的雄性不育。研究基因型的 rRNA ITS1 和 ITS2 区域被证明具有很强的保守性，因此与大蒜的育性或不育的表型表达不对应。另一方面，二维蛋白质分离图谱显示了可育和不育基因型之间以及小孢子发生的不同发育阶段之间存在显著差异。需要进一步研究大蒜不育的内在机制和环境组成，以及这些性状的可能分子标记。
