David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2012 Dec 15;206(12):1809-15. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis608. Epub 2012 Oct 2.
Despite the burden of both malnutrition and tuberculosis in children worldwide, there are few studies on the mechanisms that underlie this relationship. From available research, it appears that malnutrition is a predictor of tuberculosis disease and is associated with worse outcomes. This is supported through several lines of evidence, including the role of vitamin D receptor genotypes, malnutrition's effects on immune development, respiratory infections among malnourished children, and limited work specifically on pediatric tuberculosis and malnutrition. Nutritional supplementation has yet to suggest significant benefits on the course of tuberculosis in children. There is a critical need for research on childhood tuberculosis, specifically on how nutritional status affects the risk and progression of tuberculosis and whether nutritional supplementation improves clinical outcomes or prevents disease.
尽管全球儿童营养不良和结核病的负担沉重，但关于这种关系背后的机制的研究很少。从现有的研究来看，营养不良似乎是结核病发病的一个预测因素，并与更差的结局相关。这有几条证据支持，包括维生素 D 受体基因型的作用、营养不良对免疫发育的影响、营养不良儿童中的呼吸道感染，以及专门针对儿童结核病和营养不良的有限工作。营养补充对儿童结核病的病程尚未显示出显著益处。迫切需要对儿童结核病进行研究，特别是研究营养状况如何影响结核病的风险和进展，以及营养补充是否改善临床结局或预防疾病。
