University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2013 Dec;52(4):726-46. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12005. Epub 2012 Oct 5.
Income inequality undermines societies: The more inequality, the more health problems, social tensions, and the lower social mobility, trust, life expectancy. Given people's tendency to legitimate existing social arrangements, the stereotype content model (SCM) argues that ambivalence-perceiving many groups as either warm or competent, but not both-may help maintain socio-economic disparities. The association between stereotype ambivalence and income inequality in 37 cross-national samples from Europe, the Americas, Oceania, Asia, and Africa investigates how groups' overall warmth-competence, status-competence, and competition-warmth correlations vary across societies, and whether these variations associate with income inequality (Gini index). More unequal societies report more ambivalent stereotypes, whereas more equal ones dislike competitive groups and do not necessarily respect them as competent. Unequal societies may need ambivalence for system stability: Income inequality compensates groups with partially positive social images.
不平等程度越高，健康问题、社会紧张局势和社会流动性越低，信任度、预期寿命越低。鉴于人们倾向于使现有社会安排合法化，刻板印象内容模型（SCM）认为，矛盾心理——即认为许多群体既温暖又有能力，但不是两者兼具——可能有助于维持社会经济差距。本研究通过 37 个来自欧洲、美洲、大洋洲、亚洲和非洲的跨国样本，调查了刻板印象矛盾心理与收入不平等之间的关系，即群体的整体温暖-能力、地位-能力和竞争-温暖相关性在不同社会中如何变化，以及这些变化是否与收入不平等（基尼指数）相关。不平等程度较高的社会报告的刻板印象更为矛盾，而不平等程度较低的社会则不喜欢竞争群体，也不一定认为他们有能力。不平等的社会可能需要矛盾心理来维持系统稳定：收入不平等补偿了那些社会形象部分积极的群体。
