Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India.
Protein Cell. 2012 Oct;3(10):726-38. doi: 10.1007/s13238-012-2055-0. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most common chronic diseases, thereby posing a major challenge to global health. Characterized by high levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia), diabetes usually results from a loss of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency of insulin (type 1 diabetes), or loss of insulin sensitivity (type 2 diabetes). Both types of diabetes have serious secondary complications, such as microvascular abnormalities, cardiovascular dysfunction, and kidney failure. Various complex factors, such as genetic and environmental factors, are associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes. Over the past two decades, the role of small, single-stranded noncoding microRNAs in various metabolic disorders, especially diabetes mellitus and its complications, has gained widespread attention in the scientific community. Discovered first as an endogenous regulator of development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, these small RNAs post-transcriptionally suppress mRNA target expression. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of different microRNAs in diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
糖尿病已成为最常见的慢性疾病之一，从而对全球健康构成重大挑战。其特征是血糖水平升高（高血糖），糖尿病通常是由于胰腺中产生胰岛素的β细胞丧失引起的，导致胰岛素缺乏（1 型糖尿病）或胰岛素敏感性丧失（2 型糖尿病）。这两种类型的糖尿病都有严重的继发性并发症，如微血管异常、心血管功能障碍和肾衰竭。各种复杂因素，如遗传和环境因素，与糖尿病的病理生理学有关。在过去的二十年中，小的、单链非编码 microRNAs 在各种代谢紊乱中的作用，特别是在糖尿病及其并发症方面，在科学界引起了广泛关注。这些小分子 RNA 最初是在秀丽隐杆线虫中作为一种内源性发育调节剂被发现的，它们可以在后转录水平抑制 mRNA 靶基因的表达。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了不同 microRNAs 在糖尿病及其相关并发症中的潜在作用。
