Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Virol. 2013 Jan;87(1):558-71. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00837-12. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
The term synanthropic describes organisms that thrive in human-altered habitats. Where synanthropic nonhuman primates (NHP) share an ecological niche with humans, cross-species transmission of infectious agents can occur. In Bangladesh, synanthropic NHP are found in villages, densely populated cities, religious sites, and protected forest areas. NHP are also kept as performing monkeys and pets. To investigate possible transmission of enteric picornaviruses between humans and NHP, we collected fecal specimens from five NHP taxa at16 locations in Bangladesh during five field sessions, from January 2007 to June 2008. Specimens were screened using real-time PCR assays for the genera Enterovirus, Parechovirus, and Sapelovirus; PCR-positive samples were typed by VP1 sequencing. To compare picornavirus diversity between humans and NHP, the same assays were applied to 211 human stool specimens collected in Bangladesh in 2007 to 2008 for acute flaccid paralysis surveillance. Picornaviruses were detected in 78 of 677 (11.5%) NHP fecal samples. Twenty distinct human enterovirus (EV) serotypes, two bovine EV types, six human parechovirus serotypes, and one virus related to Ljungan virus were identified. Twenty-five additional enteroviruses and eight parechoviruses could not be typed. Comparison of the picornavirus serotypes detected in NHP specimens with those detected in human specimens revealed considerable overlap. Strikingly, no known simian enteroviruses were detected among these NHP populations. In conclusion, enteroviruses and parechoviruses may be transmitted between humans and synanthropic NHP in Bangladesh, but the directionality of transmission is unknown. These findings may have important implications for the health of both human and NHP populations.
术语“人栖性”描述的是在人类改变的栖息地中茁壮成长的生物。当人栖性非人类灵长类动物（NHP）与人类共享生态位时，传染性病原体可能会在物种间传播。在孟加拉国，人栖性 NHP 存在于村庄、人口密集的城市、宗教场所和受保护的森林地区。NHP 也被当作表演猴和宠物饲养。为了调查肠道小核糖核酸病毒在人类和 NHP 之间的可能传播，我们在 2007 年 1 月至 2008 年 6 月的五个野外会议期间，从孟加拉国的 16 个地点收集了来自五个 NHP 分类群的粪便标本。使用实时 PCR 检测肠道病毒属、鼻病毒属和沙波病毒属对标本进行了筛查；PCR 阳性样本通过 VP1 测序进行分型。为了比较人类和 NHP 之间的小核糖核酸病毒多样性，我们将相同的检测方法应用于 2007 年至 2008 年在孟加拉国收集的 211 份急性弛缓性麻痹监测的人类粪便标本。在 677 份 NHP 粪便样本中，有 78 份检测到小核糖核酸病毒。确定了 20 种不同的人类肠道病毒（EV）血清型、2 种牛肠道病毒类型、6 种人类鼻病毒血清型和 1 种与 Ljungan 病毒相关的病毒。另外 25 种肠道病毒和 8 种鼻病毒无法分型。将 NHP 标本中检测到的小核糖核酸病毒血清型与人类标本中检测到的小核糖核酸病毒血清型进行比较，发现有相当大的重叠。引人注目的是，这些 NHP 种群中没有检测到已知的灵长类肠道病毒。总之，肠道病毒和鼻病毒可能在孟加拉国的人类和人栖性 NHP 之间传播，但传播的方向尚不清楚。这些发现可能对人类和 NHP 人群的健康都有重要影响。
