Narayan R P
Department of Burns, Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Plast Surg. 2012 May;45(2):396-402. doi: 10.4103/0970-0358.101326.
The history of tissue banking is as old as the use of skin grafting for resurfacing of burn wounds. Beneficial effects of tissue grafts led to wide spread use of auto and allograft for management of varied clinical conditions like skin wounds, bone defects following trauma or tumor ablation. Availability of adequate amount of tissues at the time of requirement was the biggest challenge that forced clinicians to find out techniques to preserve the living tissue for prolonged period of time for later use and thus the foundation of tissue banking was started in early twentieth century. Harvesting, processing, storage and transportation of human tissues for clinical use is the major activity of tissue banks. Low temperature storage of processed tissue is the best preservation technique at present. Tissue banking organization is a very complex system and needs high technical expertise and skilled personnel for proper functioning in a dedicated facility. A small lapse/deviation from the established protocol leads to loss of precious tissues and or harm to recipients as well as the risk of transmission of deadly diseases and tumors. Strict tissue transplant acts and stringent regulations help to streamline the whole process of tissue banking safe for recipients and to community as whole.
组织库的历史与用于烧伤创面修复的皮肤移植的使用历史一样悠久。组织移植的有益效果导致自体移植和同种异体移植广泛用于治疗各种临床病症，如皮肤伤口、创伤或肿瘤切除后的骨缺损。在需要时获得足够数量的组织是最大的挑战，这迫使临床医生找出将活体组织长期保存以供日后使用的技术，因此组织库的基础始于20世纪初。为临床使用而采集、处理、储存和运输人体组织是组织库的主要活动。目前，处理过的组织的低温储存是最佳保存技术。组织库机构是一个非常复杂的系统，需要高科技专业知识和技术熟练的人员在专门设施中正常运作。与既定方案的微小失误/偏差会导致珍贵组织的损失和/或对接受者的伤害，以及致命疾病和肿瘤传播的风险。严格的组织移植法案和严格的规定有助于简化整个组织库流程，使其对接受者和整个社区都是安全的。
