Lukatela G, Turvey M T
University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Mem Cognit. 1990 Mar;18(2):128-52. doi: 10.3758/bf03197089.
Ten experiments were conducted on visually presented Serbo-Croatian words and pseudowords, comprising phonemically similar and dissimilar context-target sequences. There were five main results. First, phonemic similarity effects in both lexical decision and naming are independent of graphemic similarity. Second, phonemic similarity need not facilitate lexical decision; the direction of its effect depends on lexicality, target frequency, and type of similarity (specifically, the position of the phoneme that distinguishes context and target). Third, phonemic similarity expedites the naming of words and pseudowords, and to the same degree. Fourth, phonemic similarity is negated in naming, but not in lexical decision, when the visually presented context and target are stressed differently. Fifth, the phonemic similarity effect occurs even when the context is a masked pseudoword. These results are discussed in terms of a model in which word-processing units are activated routinely by phoneme-processing units, and in which compositionally similar word units, when activated, inhibit one another in proportion to each's familiarity. In this model, the phonemic similarity effect in naming is based on the states of phoneme units, whereas the phonemic similarity effect in lexical decision is based on the states of word units. Overall, the results comport with an account in which phonology is computed prelexically and automatically.
对视觉呈现的塞尔维亚 - 克罗地亚语单词和伪词进行了十项实验，这些实验包含了语音相似和不相似的语境 - 目标序列。主要有五个结果。第一，词汇判断和命名中的语音相似性效应与字形相似性无关。第二，语音相似性不一定会促进词汇判断；其效应的方向取决于词汇性、目标频率和相似性类型（具体而言，区分语境和目标的音素的位置）。第三，语音相似性会加快单词和伪词的命名速度，且程度相同。第四，当视觉呈现的语境和目标的重音不同时，语音相似性在命名中被消除，但在词汇判断中不会。第五，即使语境是一个被掩蔽的伪词，语音相似性效应也会出现。这些结果依据一个模型进行了讨论，在该模型中，单词处理单元由音素处理单元常规激活，并且在激活时，组成相似的单词单元会根据彼此的熟悉程度相互抑制。在这个模型中，命名中的语音相似性效应基于音素单元的状态，而词汇判断中的语音相似性效应基于单词单元的状态。总体而言，这些结果与音韵学在词汇前自动计算的观点相符。
