Sasisekaran Jayanthi, Weber-Fox Christine
University of Minnesota.
Appl Psycholinguist. 2012 Apr 1;33(2):253-279. doi: 10.1017/S0142716411000348. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
We investigated phonemic competence in production in three age groups of children - 7 and 8 years, 10 and 11 years, 12 and 13 years-using rhyme and phoneme monitoring. Participants were required to name target pictures silently while monitoring covert speech for the presence or absence of a rhyme or phoneme match. Performance in the verbal tasks was compared to a nonverbal control task in which participants monitored tone sequence pairs for a pattern match. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between the three age groups in phoneme monitoring while similar differences were limited to the younger age groups in rhyme monitoring. This finding supported early and on-going acquisition of rhyme- and later acquisition of segment-level units. In addition, the 7 and 8-year-olds were significantly slower in monitoring phonemes within consonant clusters compared to the 10 and 11-year-olds and in monitoring both singleton phonemes and phonemes within clusters compared to the 12 and 13-year-olds. Regression analysis revealed that age accounted for approximately 30% variance in the nonverbal and 60% variance in the verbal monitoring tasks. We attribute the observed differences to the emergence of cognitive processes such as segmentation skills that are critical to performing the verbal monitoring tasks.
我们使用押韵和音素监测方法，对三个年龄组的儿童（7至8岁、10至11岁、12至13岁）的语音产出能力进行了研究。参与者需要在默读目标图片的同时，监测内心言语中是否存在押韵或音素匹配。将言语任务中的表现与非言语控制任务进行比较，在非言语控制任务中，参与者监测声调序列对是否存在模式匹配。重复测量方差分析显示，三个年龄组在音素监测方面存在显著差异，而类似的差异在押韵监测中仅限于较年轻的年龄组。这一发现支持了押韵的早期和持续习得以及音段层面单位的后期习得。此外，与10至11岁的儿童相比，7至8岁的儿童在监测辅音群中的音素时明显较慢；与12至13岁的儿童相比，他们在监测单音素和辅音群中的音素时也较慢。回归分析显示，年龄在非言语监测任务中约占30%的方差，在言语监测任务中约占60%的方差。我们将观察到的差异归因于诸如分割技能等认知过程的出现，这些过程对于执行言语监测任务至关重要。
