Robinson J K
Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.
Arch Dermatol. 1990 Apr;126(4):477-81.
The 1042 people in this study who had a nonmelanoma skin cancer surgically removed received repetitive and interactive oral and written education in forms of sun protection. One year after these educational efforts, the subjects responded to a questionnaire that measured their compliance. Sixty-two percent complied with starting to use sunscreens and 56% changed their habits of outdoor activities. The portion of behavioral change attributable to surgery alone vs surgery plus education was unable to be determined. Despite intensive educational efforts, the noncompliance was 38%. This study identifies a health risk-taking pattern of behavior among those who were noncompliant. Those over age 65 years tended to be less compliant. When the data were analyzed by the transtheoretical model of behavior change, those already acting on some form of sunscreen use prior to this study achieved 100% compliance with increasing to a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 15 or greater. It is hoped that with more educational efforts those in precontemplative and contemplative phases of behavior can be recruited to take action, and those who acted by acquiring one sun protective behavior will add other behaviors.
本研究中接受非黑色素瘤皮肤癌手术切除的1042人接受了以防晒为形式的重复性互动式口头和书面教育。在这些教育活动开展一年后,受试者对一份衡量其依从性的问卷做出了回应。62%的人开始使用防晒霜,56%的人改变了户外活动习惯。无法确定仅手术与手术加教育导致的行为改变比例。尽管进行了密集的教育活动,但不依从率仍为38%。本研究确定了不依从者的一种健康冒险行为模式。65岁以上的人往往依从性较低。当根据行为改变的跨理论模型分析数据时,在本研究之前已经在使用某种形式防晒霜的人在增加使用防晒系数为15或更高的防晒霜方面达到了100%的依从性。希望通过更多的教育活动,能够促使处于行为前思考阶段和思考阶段的人采取行动,并且那些已经采取一种防晒行为的人能够增加其他行为。