Basner Mathias, Brink Mark, Elmenhorst Eva-Maria
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Noise Health. 2012 Nov-Dec;14(61):321-9. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.104902.
Various sleep measurement techniques have been applied in past studies on the effects of environmental noise on sleep, complicating comparisons between studies and the derivation of pooled exposure-response relationships that could inform policy and legislation. To date, a consensus on a standard measurement technique for the assessment of environmental noise effects on sleep is missing. This would be desirable to increase comparability of future studies. This manuscript provides a detailed description of the sleep process, typical indicators of disturbed sleep, and how noise interferes with sleep. It also describes and discusses merits and drawbacks of five established methods commonly used for the assessment of noise effects on sleep (i.e., polysomnography, actigraphy, electrocardiography, behaviorally confirmed awakenings, and questionnaires). Arguments supporting the joint use of actigraphy and a single channel electrocardiogram as meaningful, robust, and inexpensive methods that would allow for the investigation of large representative subject samples are presented. These could be used as a starting point for the generation of an expert consensus.
过去关于环境噪声对睡眠影响的研究中应用了各种睡眠测量技术，这使得不同研究之间的比较以及汇总暴露-反应关系（可为政策和立法提供参考）的推导变得复杂。迄今为止，对于评估环境噪声对睡眠影响的标准测量技术尚未达成共识。若要提高未来研究的可比性，这一点是很有必要的。本手稿详细描述了睡眠过程、睡眠障碍的典型指标，以及噪声如何干扰睡眠。它还描述并讨论了常用于评估噪声对睡眠影响的五种既定方法（即多导睡眠图、活动记录仪、心电图、行为确认觉醒和问卷调查）的优缺点。文中提出了支持联合使用活动记录仪和单通道心电图作为有意义、可靠且廉价的方法的观点，这些方法能够对大量具有代表性的受试者样本进行研究。这些可作为形成专家共识的起点。
