Balcı Sükrü Serdar, Pepe Hamdi
Department of Trainer Education, SelÇuk University, Aleaddin Keykubat Campus, Konya, Turkey.
Chin J Physiol. 2012 Aug 31;55(4):236-44. doi: 10.4077/CJP.2012.BAA021.
Effects of gender differences and endurance training on exhaustive exercise induced-oxidative stress have been a question that has not been clarified in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sex, acute exhaustive exercise and chronic aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress in the heart and the skeletal muscle. The study was carried out with 12 week-old male (n = 24) and female (n = 24) young adult Wistar rats. They were randomly divided into four groups: untrained, trained, untrained exhausted and trained exhausted. The rats in the trained group swam for 60 min/day, five days per week for eight weeks. Thereafter, one-half of the trained and one-half of the untrained rats were randomly selected into the trained and untrained exhaustive exercise groups, respectively. They were killed immediately after one last exhaustive swimming exercise. In the heart, endurance training decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the female rats at rest, but did not change in the male rats in the heart; MDA levels were also increased in female rats at rest in the gastrocnemius tissues. [corrected]. In the trained female rats, exhaustive exercise decreased MDA levels in the heart and gastrocnemius tissues. The nitric oxide (NO) levels in the heart in the untrained female rats were higher than in the male rats after exhaustive exercise. Training decreased the NO levels in both sexes in the gastrocnemius tissue at rest. In the heart, the untrained female rats had higher total glutathione (GSH) levels than in the male rats at rest. Also, exhaustive exercise decreased the GSH levels in the trained female rats. In the gastrocnemius, untrained female rats showed higher GSH levels than in the male after exhaustive exercise. The superoxide dismutase activities in the gastrocnemius were similar between the female and male rats. The results suggested that gender was a major determinant of changes in MDA, NO and GSH levels in the heart and gastrocnemius tissues after the exhaustive exercise or endurance training. Also, the responses to oxidative stress induced by acute exercise or training in the heart and gastrocnemius muscle tissues are different.
性别差异和耐力训练对力竭运动诱导的氧化应激的影响一直是文献中尚未阐明的问题。本研究的目的是确定性别、急性力竭运动和慢性有氧运动训练对心脏和骨骼肌氧化应激的影响。该研究以12周龄的雄性（n = 24）和雌性（n = 24）成年Wistar大鼠进行。它们被随机分为四组：未训练组、训练组、未训练力竭组和训练力竭组。训练组的大鼠每天游泳60分钟，每周五天，持续八周。此后，分别从训练组和未训练组中随机选取一半的大鼠进入训练力竭运动组和未训练力竭运动组。在最后一次力竭游泳运动后立即将它们处死。在心脏中，耐力训练降低了雌性大鼠静息时的丙二醛（MDA）水平，但对雄性大鼠心脏中的MDA水平没有影响；腓肠肌组织中雌性大鼠静息时的MDA水平也有所升高。[已修正]。在训练有素的雌性大鼠中，力竭运动降低了心脏和腓肠肌组织中的MDA水平。未训练的雌性大鼠在力竭运动后心脏中的一氧化氮（NO）水平高于雄性大鼠。训练降低了两性静息时腓肠肌组织中的NO水平。在心脏中，未训练的雌性大鼠静息时的总谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平高于雄性大鼠。此外，力竭运动降低了训练有素的雌性大鼠中的GSH水平。在腓肠肌中，未训练的雌性大鼠在力竭运动后的GSH水平高于雄性大鼠。雌性和雄性大鼠腓肠肌中的超氧化物歧化酶活性相似。结果表明，性别是力竭运动或耐力训练后心脏和腓肠肌组织中MDA、NO和GSH水平变化的主要决定因素。此外，心脏和腓肠肌组织对急性运动或训练诱导的氧化应激的反应是不同的。
